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381.
Guy Von Sturmer Tong Wong Max Coltheart 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1968,20(4):380-384
It is argued that events which occur during an interval of time which is being judged may be classified in terms of their effects on the alertness of the subject, and in terms of the degree to which they distract him from the task of detecting and processing time-relevant cues. A distracting task, defined by the number of arithmetical operations a subject was required to perform, was presented while reproductions of an interval were being made. The data support the prediction that the higher the level of distraction, the less time a subject will judge to have elapsed during an objective period. 相似文献
382.
Motivation and Academic Achievement: The Effects of Personality Traits and the duality of Experience 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study examined the relationship of personality, experience while studying, and academic performance. One hundred and seventy talented high-school students (68 males, 102 females) completed the Personality Research Form (PRF) and recorded their experience via the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). The results showed that controlling for ability, work orientation, a PRF factor, was a better predictor of grade than experience. However, an experiential variable,intrinsic motivation while studying, was related to the difficulty level of courses students took over the 4 years of high school. The results supported the notion that there are two kinds of motivation in scholastic achievement, one directed toward long-term goals, the other directed toward ongoing experience. 相似文献
383.
384.
T S Wong 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1979,27(3):489-500
Age differences have previously been found in the magnitude of the visual Horizontal-vertical illusion with an L figure. The present study examined the haptic judgments of an L figure among subjects across the ages of 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 20 years. Significant differences in amount of haptic illusion were found. The developmental function was curvilinear, decreasing from the 6-year-olds to 7-year-olds, and then increasing from 7-year-olds to a peak among 11-year-olds, followed by a decline to adulthood. Variation in the size of the illusion was also found to be related to the rate at which subjects of a particular age group typically move the limb in scanning the figure. The similarity of the haptic function to that obtained previously for the visual L figure was discussed in relation to Piaget's Centration theory. 相似文献
385.
Christopher P. Barlett Luke W. Seyfert Matthew M. Simmers Vivian Hsueh Hua Chen Jaqueline Gomes Cavalcanti Barbara Krah Kanae Suzuki Wayne A. Warburton Randy Yee Man Wong Carlos Eduardo Pimentel Marika Skowronski 《Aggressive behavior》2021,47(1):111-119
The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross‐cultural ubiquity has gone understudied. Thus, 1,592 adult participants across seven countries (USA, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, and Singapore) completed measures germane to the BGCM. Supporting the BGCM, the variables were significantly correlated for the entire sample, participants from independent cultures, and participants from interdependent cultures. However, the relationship between BIMOB and positive cyberbullying attitudes as well as the relationship between positive cyberbullying attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration were stronger for independent cultures. These results suggest that the BGCM postulates are mostly universal, but several relations appear to be culturally different. Theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
386.
Eunice C. Wong Kathryn P. Derose Paula Litt Jeremy N. V. Miles 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(4):1200-1210
African Americans experience significant disparities in treatment access, retention, and quality of care for alcohol and drug use (AOD) problems. Religious congregations, often the first point of contact for help with AOD problems, can play an integral role in improving access to treatment. However, little is known about the role of African American churches in addressing AOD problems. We administered a survey to a faith-based collaborative of 169 African American churches in Los Angeles to examine how AOD problems are identified in congregations, the types of support provided, barriers to providing treatment referrals, and factors associated with the provision of treatment referrals. Seventy-one percent of churches reported caring often for individuals with AOD problems. AOD problems came to the attention of congregations most commonly via a concerned family member (55%) and less frequently through individuals with AOD problems directly approaching clergy (30%). In addition to providing spiritual support, a substantial proportion of churches reported linking individuals to AOD services through referrals (62%) and consultation with providers (48%). Barriers to providing treatment referrals included lack of affordable programs (50%), stigma (50%), lack of effective treatments (45%), and insufficient resources or staff (45%). The likelihood of providing treatment referrals was greater among mid-sized versus smaller-size congregations (OR 3.43; p < .05) and among congregations with clergy that had attended seminary (OR 3.93; p < .05). Knowing how to effectively coordinate informal sources of care provided by African American churches with the formal service sector could make a significant impact on AOD treatment disparities. 相似文献
387.
Chong Y. Kim Sharon G. Goto Mark M. Bai Tia E. Kim Edwin Wong 《Journal of applied social psychology》2001,31(11):2417-2437
Predictors of Asian American first‐year college students’ intention to participate in a culturally congruent mentoring program was empirically documented using Ajzen and Fishbein's (1980) theory of reasoned action (TRA). Intention to participate was predicted by the belief that participation eases transition to college. Also, attitude toward participation was positively related to students’ beliefs that participation will strengthen ethnic identity and combat model‐minority myth. With 78% of students who intended to participate, results suggest that Asian American college students need programming that addresses issues as first‐year college students and those related to their cultural experience. The use of the TRA to better understand issues related to peer mentoring is illuminated. Wider implications for implementing culturally congruent mentoring programs in educational settings are discussed. 相似文献
388.
Various different item response theory (IRT) models can be used in educational and psychological measurement to analyze test data. One of the major drawbacks of these models is that efficient parameter estimation can only be achieved with very large data sets. Therefore, it is often worthwhile to search for designs of the test data that in some way will optimize the parameter estimates. The results from the statistical theory on optimal design can be applied for efficient estimation of the parameters.A major problem in finding an optimal design for IRT models is that the designs are only optimal for a given set of parameters, that is, they are locally optimal. Locally optimal designs can be constructed with a sequential design procedure. In this paper minimax designs are proposed for IRT models to overcome the problem of local optimality. Minimax designs are compared to sequentially constructed designs for the two parameter logistic model and the results show that minimax design can be nearly as efficient as sequentially constructed designs. 相似文献
389.
Aspectual asymmetries in the mental representation of events: Role of lexical and grammatical aspect
Foong Ha Yap Patrick Chun Kau Chu Emily Sze Man Yiu Stella Fay Wong Stella Wing Man Kwan Stephen Matthews Li Hai Tan Ping Li Yasuhiro Shirai 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(5):587-595
Temporal information is important in the construction of situation models, and many languages make use of perfective and imperfective
aspect markers to distinguish between completed situations (e.g., He made a cake) and ongoing situations (e.g., He is making a cake). Previous studies in which the effect of grammatical aspect has been examined have shown that perfective sentences are often
processed more quickly than imperfective ones (e.g., Chan, Yap, Shirai, & Matthews, 2004; Madden & Zwaan, 2003; Yap et al.,
2004; Yap et al., 2006). However, these studies used only accomplishment verbs (i.e., verbs with an inherent endpoint, such
as bake a cake). The present study on the processing of Cantonese includes activity verbs (i.e., durative verbs with no inherent endpoint,
such as play the piano), and the results indicate a strong interaction between lexical aspect (i.e., verb type) and grammatical aspect. That is,
perfective sentences were processed more quickly with accomplishment verbs, consistent with previous findings, but imperfective
sentences were processed more quickly with activity verbs. We suggest that these different aspectual asymmetries emerge as
a result of the inherent associations between accomplishment verbs and the bounded features of perfective aspect and between
activity verbs and the unbounded features of imperfective aspect. The sentence stimuli from this study may be downloaded from
mc.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
390.
Jessica Y. Wong 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2009,75(1):1-13
This cross-sectional study examines three predictors of retirement adjustment: individual (demographic and health), psychosocial (work centrality), and organizational (conditions of workforce exit). It also examines the effect of work centrality on post-retirement activity levels. Survey data was collected from 394 retirees (aged 45-93 years). Results suggested that better psychological health, higher income, and being married predicted better retirement adjustment. Work centrality was neither related to retirement adjustment nor to post-retirement activity levels. Conditions of exit significantly predicted retirement adjustment, even after controlling for lower-level individual and psychosocial influences. Practical implications for the design of retirement planning programs and organizational exit strategies are discussed. 相似文献