Validating a “spurning scale” for nurses in Hong Kong

Based on a model on spumed helpers’ reactions, a spurning scale for nurses was constructed with items to assess the extent to which practicing nurses experience recurrent rejection of their help by patients and colleagues. Three approaches were employed to examine the validity of the scale: the relationship of the spurning scores with job satisfaction and turnover scores; the relationships of the spurning scores with burnout scores; and the relationships of the spurning scores with scores indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's patients, colleagues, and supervisor. Practicing nurses in Hong Kong (N = 212) who were enrolled in a refresher program of studies responded to a questionnaire containing the variables of interest. The results offered promising evidence for the validity of the scale.     

潜变量交互效应模型标准化估计中的检验问题

讨论了潜变量交互效应模型是否能直接用统计软件输出的原始估计的t值对模型的标准化估计进行检验的问题,详细介绍了标准化估计的t值计算及其难点,用Bootstrap方法算出标准化估计的标准误和相应的t值（记为t_bs）,并将其与原始估计的t值比较.结果发现,当原始估计t值超过3时,无论用t值还是用t_ bs检验,结果都是显著,即可以使用t值进行检验.而当t值不超过3时,与t_bs很接近,也可以用t值检验,但t值在临界值附近（例如1.5 ～2.5）时,最好还是使用Bootstrap法计算t_bs进行检验.     

MIRT模型中多维能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响因素

多维项目反应理论因其模型本身的天然优势及其兼具因素分析与项目反应理论于一身的优点,而被广大研究者及应用者所重视.本研究在前人研究基础上,重点讨论MIRT多维能力及能力间相关矩阵的参数估计问题.研究采用Monte Carlo模拟方法进行,在三因素完全随机设计（4 ×3×3）下,使用MCMC算法,探讨测验维度数、维度间的相关大小和测验项目数三个因素对MIRT能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响.     

语言的群体间偏差研究

本文概述了语言的群体间偏差现象,这一现象的表现为:个体在描述正向或负向行为时,会由于描述对象是否与自己属于同一群体而在描述语言抽象性上存在差异.通过使用固定和自由反应研究范式,用实验方法进行研究,结果验证了这一现象在汉语背景下的存在.通过讨论这一偏差现象在刻板印象的维持与传播中的作用,及其在测量偏见上的应用,指出语言的群体间偏差现象在社会心理学研究中的重要价值.     

多学科聚焦人格障碍

从心理学、医学、哲学和伦理学的角度看,人格障碍这一变态心理学概念表现得相当复杂和模糊.从心理学角度看,人格障碍的本质是个体性格的多重性和矛盾性以及自我意识障碍及特殊的认知结构和行为模式.从医学模式疾病的六要素(病因、发病机制、临床表现、分类、诊断与治疗)看,人格障碍作为一个疾病单元基本不成立.从哲学角度看,人格障碍的哲学本质是患者主体价值世界与意义系统的紊乱.从伦理学角度看,人格障碍的一些特殊行为模式表现主要是违背了当时社会文化背景下的伦理规则和法律体系.     

舒芬太尼复合曲马多用于幼儿开胸术后静脉自控镇痛的临床观察

在择期开胸术后4h、8h、12h、24h、48h,通过对年龄为1岁～3岁的幼儿术后应用舒芬太尼联合曲马多或单纯舒芬太尼行静脉持续镇痛、镇静效果及恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应发生率对比观察,结果发现舒芬太尼复合曲马多用于幼儿开胸术后静脉镇痛,效果满意,安全性高,不良反应发生率低。     

Violence Exposure and PTSD: The Role of English Language Fluency in Latino Youth

Although Latinos have been a rapidly growing population in the US, little is known about how mental health symptoms may present in Latino children especially in the context of those living in poverty and exposed to violence. We explored the level of violence exposure and trauma symptoms in Latino youth and the relationship of these factors with English language fluency. During 2000–2002, 1,601, Latino students from seven middle schools participated in a school-based screening to identify students with exposure to community violence and symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The students completed a self-report instrument, in either Spanish or English, that combined a modified version of the Life Events Scale and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression models showed that youth with higher English language fluency reported greater violence exposure and PTSD symptoms than those with lower fluency. No difference was found in functioning by English language fluency. English language fluency appears to be related to violence exposure and PTSD symptoms in these Latino youth. We discuss the importance of school-based programs especially designed to serve Latino students of varying English language fluency.     

Predictive remapping gives rise to environmental inhibition of return

Neurons in various brain regions predictively respond to stimuli that will be brought to their receptive fields by an impending eye movement. This neural mechanism, known as predictive remapping, has been suggested to underlie spatial constancy. Inhibition of return (IOR) is a bias against recently attended locations. The present study examined whether predictive remapping is a mechanism underlying IOR effects observed in environmental coordinates. The participant made saccades to a peripheral location after an IOR effect had been elicited by an onset cue and discriminated a target presented around the time of saccade onset. Immediately before the required saccade, IOR emerged at the retinal locus that would be brought to the cued location. A second task in which the participant maintained fixation during the entire trial ruled out the possibility that this IOR effect was simply the spillover of IOR from the cued location. These findings, for the first time, provide direct behavioral evidence that predictive remapping is a mechanism underlying environmental IOR.     

Anticipatory Processing and Post‐Event Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder: An Update on the Literature

Two repetitive thinking processes that have been proposed in prominent maintenance models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) are anticipatory processing and post‐event processing. Research into these two processes has steadily increased over the last 20 years. This review highlights the main lines of existing research on anticipatory processing and post‐event processing, including studies on the nature of these processes, their association with social anxiety, the predictors, and consequences of these processes, as well as how these processes respond to treatments for SAD. The review also highlights some of the conceptual and methodological issues that have prevented the literature on anticipatory processing and post‐event processing from being more integrated and focused. Finally, the review draws together some new directions in terms of theory and research to further advance the field.     

用现代医学理论阐明阴虚证的本质和发病学机理

用现代医学理论阐明阴虚证的本质具有重大科学意义,但我国半个世纪的研究未能取得根本突破。用现代医学理论阐述了阴虚证的本质和发病学机理,即阴虚证的本质是细胞因子,其发病学机理是由于机体在各种致病因素的作用下,白细胞介素1和肿瘤坏死因子等炎性细胞因子基因的表达水平增强、生物学活性相对升高,引起细胞因子网络紊乱的结果。