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441.
S E Wong M D Terranova L Bowen R Zarate H K Massel R P Liberman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1987,20(1):77-81
We evaluated the effects of minimally supervised, independent recreational activities on stereotypic vocal behavior in two chronic schizophrenic patients. In baseline sessions, subjects were observed during unstructured free time in the psychiatric ward. In treatment sessions, therapists presented preferred recreational materials (magazines, models, and art projects), verbally prompted on-task behavior every 20 min, and, in one condition, administered contingent tokens. Independent recreational activities reduced medium-rate self-talk in one subject and high-rate mumbling in a second subject by 60%-70%. Results were the same with or without contingent tokens. Apparent self-maintaining characteristics of these vocal responses are discussed. 相似文献
442.
R Wong 《The American journal of psychology》1984,97(2):175-183
The daily 1-h intake of solid diet, 7% sucrose solution, and water of gerbils and hamsters tested for a 15-day period was investigated. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that gerbils provided with sucrose solution in addition to Purina rat chow showed an inhibition of food intake relative to control gerbils not given access to sucrose solution. However, experimental animals did not differ from control animals in either body weight loss or total caloric intake. For Experiment 2, results indicated that hamsters provided with sucrose solution in addition to sunflower seeds did not differ in their daily 1-h intake of seeds from control hamsters that had access to sunflower seeds. In Experiment 3, gerbils were tested under the same conditions as those of Experiment 2, and results indicated that concurrent sucrose ingestion inhibited the intake of sunflower seeds. The implications of these species differences in reactions to the test conditions are discussed. 相似文献
443.
444.
This study assessed effectiveness of group interpersonal skills training conducted in a natural setting with nonanalogue clients. Subjects (Ss) in a behavioral-training condition received 4 hr of instruction consisting of modeling, behavioral rehearsal, coaching, feedback and reinforcement. Training focused on positive and negative social responses and on initiating interactions, as well as reacting to interactions initiated by others. Subjects in a discussion-control condition engaged in focused discussion of interpersonal concerns but received no experiential practice. Within a pre-test-post-test control group design, subjective and objective measures were used to assess training effects. When compared to Ss involved in group discussion. Ss participating in group behavioral training revealed greater pre- to post-test changes on selfreported probability of engaging in selected interpersonal responses and on objective measures of eye contact, speech duration, positive affective responses, use of no-statements, compliance, refusals and requests for new behavior. Support for generalization of training is presented and methodological issues are discussed. 相似文献
445.
Paul T.P. Wong 《Learning and motivation》1977,8(2):275-283
Following partial reinforcement (PRF) or consistent reinforcement (CRF) of an approach response in a straight runway and experimental extinction, rats were given the arena food-dominance test in Experiment 1 and both the arena test and the tunnel-dominance test in Experiment 2. PRF subjects were dominant in the tunnel test, but subordinate in the arena test, regardless of which dominance test was given first. These durable and pervasive effects of partial reinforcement training can be interpreted in terms of frustration theory. 相似文献
446.
Paul T. P. Wong L. L. Traupmann Steve Brake 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1974,26(2):218-228
In a foru-phase experiment, phase I was runway training under four different reinforcement conditions: partial reinforcement (PRF), partial delayed reinforcement (PDR), constant delayed reinforcement (CDR), and consistent reinforcement (CRF). During phase 2 extinction, PRF and PDR groups did not differ; both groups were more persistent than group CDR, which was in turn superior to the CRF control. Phase 3 was CRF reacquisition for all groups. During phase 4 extinction, PRF group was more presistent than the other three groups which did not differ. A Pavlovian counter-conditioning hypothesis was proposed to account for the absence of durable persistence following PDR training. 相似文献
447.
Paul T. P. Wong 《Sex roles》1982,8(4):381-388
In two studies, male and female subjects were given attribution measures before and after performance on a novel finger maze. Neither study revealed any sex differences in expectancy and anticipated attributions prior to maze performance. In Experiment 1, no sex differences in attributions were obtained regardless of whether the outcome was success or failure. In Experiment 2, where the outcome was made completely noncontingent on behavior, females had greater illusion of control as well as higher luck attribution. This paradoxical finding was interpreted as reflecting females' tendency to depend on external and internal attributions simultaneously.The data presented here are based on a larger research project on reinforcement contingencies and performance attributions supported by a research grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. 相似文献
448.
Chi Song Wong 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1980,22(1):70-81
The scalar values of differentials rather than symbolic derivatives are treated here. This approach simplifies the differential calculus in statistics because, often, the linear representations of differentials in statistics (1) are complicated, (2) depend on the bases used, (3) can be obtained by the scalar values on elements of a given basis, and (4) are not necessary for many problems of finding maxima and minima. Among others, a product rule is obtained in a very general and simple form. The results are applied to certain problems in multivariate statistical analysis that are useful to psychology and other behavioral sciences. 相似文献
449.
The present study attempts to document the difficulties that teachers in Macau encountered in their work, the extent to which
the job-related difficulties would induce burnout, and whether or not social support could buffer the adverse effects of stress
on burnout. In-service teachers enrolled in a teacher training program filled out questionnaires addressing the variables
of interest. The results indicated that difficulties with fellow teachers, supervisors, students, and parents of students
were associated with burnout. Conjectures were made regarding the noneffectiveness of social support. 相似文献
450.