Association of polymorphisms in BDNF, MTHFR, and genes involved in the dopaminergic pathway with memory in a healthy Chinese population

The contribution of genetic factors to the memory is widely acknowledged. Research suggests that these factors include genes involved in the dopaminergic pathway, as well as the genes for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The activity of the products of these genes is affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genes. This study investigates the association between memory and SNPs in genes involved in the dopaminergic pathway, as well as in the BDNF and MTHFR genes, in a sample of healthy individuals. The sample includes 134 Taiwanese undergraduate volunteers of similar cognitive ability. The Chinese versions of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) were employed. Our findings indicate that the BDNF Met66Val polymorphism and dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) Ser9Gly polymorphism are associated significantly with long-term auditory memory. Further analysis detects no significant associations in the other polymorphisms and indices. Future replicated studies with larger sample sizes, and studies that consider different ethnic groups, are encouraged.     

Ambivalent Attitudes in a Communication Process: An Integrated Model

In a communication process that involves a target subject (what is being communicated about) and a source, existing attitudes (positive or negative) toward the target or the source influence communication effects. People also may hold ambivalent attitudes (positive and negative) toward the target or the source, but the implications of such ambivalent attitudes on communication effects remain unclear in communication research. This study tries to fill that void by exploring ambivalent attitudes toward the target and source on communication effects and proposing an integrated model to demonstrate that ambivalent attitudes encourage systematic processing (Experiments 1 and 2) and that identification with the target or the source further encourages motivated processing among ambivalent people (Experiments 3 and 4).     

儿童攻击和自我感知的关系

使用基于多水平分析技术的元分析方法对有关儿童攻击和自我感知相关的研究结果进行分析,并对计算结果用模拟方法进行模拟。结果显示现有研究中攻击和自感认知能力之间的相关为-0．01,攻击和自我总体感知间地相关为-0．08,相关结果为低度负相关但达到显性水平,攻击和自感社交能力之间的相关关系不显,模拟结果与此类似。现有关于儿童攻击和自我感知关系的研究数量还偏少。     

Theoretical and methodological approaches to apparent movement of short-range process and pattern perception

A variable raster and vector display processor interfaced with a PDP-11/23 computer is briefly described. Several experiments using random-dot cinematograms (RDCs) (raster display) and line segments (vector display) are discussed. The experiments on cooperative processes of apparent movement of RDCs and spatial-frequency-filtered RDCs showed that the average cooperative neighborhood of neural interaction is about 15 min arc of visual angle. In pattern perception, based on Julesz’s texton theory (1981) and Shaw’s attention model (1980), this study showed that the aperture of attention in serial and parallel processing is a function of feature gradient, set size, and eccentricity.     

ON THE APPLICABILITY OF THE QUANTUM MEASUREMENT FORMALISM

Customary discussions of quantum measurements are unrealistic, in the sense that they do not reflect what happens in most actual measurements even under ideal circumstances. Even theories of measurement which discard the projection postulate tend to retain two unrealistic assumptions of the von Neumann theory: that a measurement consists of a single physical interaction, and that the topic of every measurement is information wholly contained in the quantum state of the object of measurement. I suggest that these unrealistic assumptions originate from an overly literal interpretation of the operator formalism of quantum mechanics. I also suggest, following Park, that some issues can be clarified by distinguishing the sense of the term 'measurement' occurring in the quantum-mechanical operator formalism, and the sense of 'measurement' that refers to actual processes of gaining information about the physical world.     

汉诺塔问题解决的认知过程及特点分析

以267名大学生为被试,对汉诺塔问题(Tower of Hanoi)解决的认知过程及特点进行了分析。相对于汉诺塔问题解决较差者(有多余移动步骤的被试)而言,以最少步数解决汉诺塔问题的被试其第一步计划时间较长,但平均计划时间却明显要短。汉诺塔问题解决较差者多在关键步骤上出错,从而导致多余的移动步数以及总体完成时间的延长。进一步分析表明,汉诺塔问题解决的这种认知活动主要反映的是与计划和抑制有关的总体计划协调能力以及空间短时记忆能力。     

进化观点下的智力研究

综述了进化心理学探讨智力所取得的研究成果,内容包括智力的起源（如进化环境与智力的关系）、进化心理学视角下智力的分类。同时,该文认为一般智力是一种特殊的认知模块,即专门智力。最后,讨论了对智力进行进化心理学研究的重要意义与未来研究取向。     

清净家风:王重阳与七真的丹法关要

本文论述了王重阳与七真的清净丹法的特点,涉及清净的内涵、达到清净的方法和清净对于全真道结丹的意义等方面的内容.认为止念是全真道清净的重要内容,他们特别强调心性的修养,要舍弃俗行尘缘,出家修行,要用战胜之法,战胜无明烦恼,或用损用忘,或积功累行,来达到止念的目的.全真道在炼丹各个环节上都对清净提出了很高的要求,并从神气结合而结丹上论述了清净的意义.