全文获取类型
收费全文 | 699篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 39篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 41篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有721条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
591.
Wolfgang Wildgen 《Axiomathes》2008,18(1):91-116
The evolution of human symbolic capacity must have been very rapid even in some intermediate stage (e.g. the proto-symbolic
behavior of Homo erectus). Such a rapid process requires a runaway model. The type of very selective and hyperbolically growing
self-organization called “hypercyle” by Eigen and Schuster could explain the rapidity and depth of the evolutionary process,
whereas traditional runaway models of sexual selection seem to be rather implausible in the case of symbolic evolution. We
assume two levels: at the first level the species is adapted to ecological demands and accumulates the effects of this process
in the genome. At the second level a kind of social/cultural knowledge is accumulated via a set of symbolic forms, one of
which is language. Bühler’s model of three basic functions of signs can also be elaborated so that its cyclic structure becomes
apparent. We assume that the hypercyclic process of semiosis and functional differentiation was triggered in 2 my BP (with
the Homo erectus) and got more and more speed with the species Homo sapiens and later. The consequences for the evolutionary
stratification of human languages will be drawn in the last section of the paper. The basic aim of the paper is to provide
a semiotic (and not just a linguistic) explanation of the origin of language which can be linked to relevant models in evolutionary
biology and which exploits the possibilities contained in self-organizing systems.
相似文献
Wolfgang WildgenEmail: |
592.
This longitudinal study explored the importance of kindergarten measures of phonological awareness, working memory, and quantity–number competencies (QNC) for predicting mathematical school achievement in third graders (mean age 8 years 8 months). It was found that the impact of phonological awareness and visual–spatial working memory, assessed at 5 years of age, was mediated by early QNC, which predicted math achievement in third grade. Importantly, and confirming our isolated number words hypothesis, phonological awareness had no impact on higher numerical competencies (i.e., when number words needed to be linked with quantities [QNC Level II and above]) but predicted basic numerical competencies (i.e., when number words were isolated from quantities [QNC Level I]), explaining the moderate relationship between early literacy development and the development of mathematical competencies. 相似文献
593.
To explore the nature of specific interactions between concurrent perception and action, participants were asked to move one of their hands in a certain direction while simultaneously observing an independent stimulus motion of a (dis)similar direction. The kinematics of the hand trajectories revealed a form of contrast effect (CE) in that the produced directions were biased away from the perceived directions ("Experiment 1"). Specifically, the endpoints of horizontal movements were lower when having watched an upward as opposed to a downward motion. However, when participants moved under higher speed constraints and were not presented with the stimulus motion prior to initiating their movements, the CE was preceded by an assimilation effect, i.e., movements were biased toward the stimulus motion directions ("Experiment 2"). These findings extend those of related studies by showing that CEs of this type actually correspond to the second phase of a bi-phasic pattern of specific perception-action interference. 相似文献
594.
A previous study with adults [Koriat, A. (2008a). Easy comes, easy goes? The link between learning and remembering and its exploitation in metacognition. Memory & Cognition, 36, 416–428] established a correlation between learning and remembering: items requiring more trials to acquisition (TTA) were less likely to be recalled than those requiring fewer trials. Furthermore, learners’ judgments of learning (JOLs) seemed to rely on the easily learned, easily remembered (ELER) heuristic, that items requiring fewer TTAs are more likely to be recalled. This study extended investigation of these effects to 2nd- and 4th-grade children. When the list included hard and easy paired-associates (Experiment 1, N = 40, 7–10 years), recall and JOL decreased with increasing TTAs for both grades, supporting the validity of the ELER heuristic and its utilization in monitoring one's own learning. When presented only with hard pairs (Experiment 2, N = 60, 7–10 years), however, 4th graders’ but not 2nd graders’ JOLs evidenced reliance on this heuristic. The results suggest an early development of metacognitive heuristics that incorporate information about the links between characteristics of the encoding process and subsequent remembering. 相似文献
595.
The therapeutic relationship is deserving of special consideration. Both knowledge of the widely varying aspects of proposals in terms of possible relationship regulation and acquisition of the different forms of therapeutic relationship management are crucial for therapeutic success. Impact factors are used in the psychotherapeutic process (resource activation, problem activation, problem identification and problem solving), which are predominantly used in rapid succession or even simultaneously. This is also true of the relationship proposals intended and deployed by the therapist, which can also be conceptualised on the basis of impact factors. It has been shown that a single relationship quality can have very different mechanisms of action (e.g. on problem updating and identification). Successful therapeutic relationship regulation is characterized by high flexibility on the part of the therapist, who is able to move between the poles of understanding/confirmation, guidance/support and leadership/control. A good therapeutic relationship in terms of effecting an improvement in the patient is characterized according to the therapist’s flexibility as regards what he/she can offer in the relationship, a flexibility which can no longer be squarely attributed to one therapy discipline alone. In order to take the significance of the therapeutic relationship into account, the training and specific skills required for this need to be taught during training and supervision. A prerequisite to this, in addition to a sound theoretical training in the relevant aspects of relationship regulation, is relationship regulation skills in terms of both concept and own practical experience. 相似文献
596.
The paper describes the development and objectives of psychoanalytic diagnostics. It shows that one of the key tasks of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic interviews is to initiate the doctor-patient relationship and that the patient’s motivation for treatment is to be examined and promoted in the interview. Different sources of information for the interview are then described; following a presentation of various systematic approaches of psychodynamic diagnostics, the principles of biographic history-taking are also explained. Modern psychodynamic diagnostics provides complex access to the patient, covering both elements of open interviewing and more exploratory approaches. Options for integrating these various methodological approaches are highlighted. Finally, more recent approaches in psychodynamic diagnostics that have a stronger relation to treatment planning are presented. These include the Structural Interview developed by Kernberg and Operationalised Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD). 相似文献
597.
Katharina Chudzikowski Barbara Demel Wolfgang Mayrhofer Jon P. Briscoe Julie Unite Biljana Bogi?evi? Miliki? Douglas T. Hall Mireia Las Heras Yan Shen Jelena Zikic 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(4):825-849
This empirical paper investigates how individuals conceptualize causes of career transitions, focusing on the three European countries of Austria, Serbia, and Spain in comparison to the USA and China. Collectively, these countries represent four separate cultural regions according to Schwartz. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with members of three occupational groups: business people, nurses, and blue‐collar workers. Analysis of the data generates greater insight about the existence of both region‐specific patterns as well as potentially universalistic tendencies regarding perceived causes of career transitions. Perceptions of internal (to the person) drivers of career transitions as activating forces are evident in all five countries. The overall results support contemporary notions of occupational careers that are highly individualized, a characterization strongly emphasized in the current career literature. In the European culture clusters, causes of career transitions are attributed internally and externally. China, representing the Confucian cultural region, stresses external causes for career transitions. By contrast, in the USA only internal attributions of causes are reported. 相似文献
598.
We investigated a total of 4997 postings on an extreme right‐wing Internet discussion board with regard to the groups and themes mentioned. The most frequently mentioned target groups were Africans, Jews, Muslims, Poles, and Turks; the most prominent themes and contexts were conspiracy, criminality, exploitation, threats to German identity, infiltration, mind control and harassment, procreation, rape, and sex. We analysed in detail postings about Africans/Blacks and Jews, that is target groups that were the most clearly connected to particular themes. The analysis reveals that extreme right‐wing discourse essentializes the target groups of Jews and Africans/Blacks and ascribes them immutable group‐specific attributes that effectively make them ‘natural kinds’. The group of Jews appears as a kind of their own with super‐human powers and influence. Africans and Blacks are despised, firstly because their essential characteristics prohibit them to be categorically mixed with Germans (i.e. to become German by nationality) due to their incompatible essence, and secondly when they procreate with Whites. Such procreation produces ‘bastards’ that are met with disgust. We argue that essentialist thinking about social and ethnic groups explains a good part of their rejection by right‐wing followers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
599.
Viktor Müller Walter Gruber Wolfgang Klimesch Ulman Lindenberger 《Developmental science》2009,12(6):839-853
Using electroencephalographic recordings (EEG), we assessed differences in oscillatory cortical activity during auditory‐oddball performance between children aged 9–13 years, younger adults, and older adults. From childhood to old age, phase synchronization increased within and between electrodes, whereas whole power and evoked power decreased. We conclude that the cortical dynamics of perceptual processing undergo substantial reorganization from childhood to old age, and discuss possible reasons for the inverse relation between age trends in phase synchronization and power, such as lifespan differences in neural background activity, or a lifespan shift from rate coding in children to temporal coding in adults. 相似文献
600.
Psychology is frequently confronted with mind-body issues—is there a way by which mentalist and physical approaches to cognition can be integrated? Can the intentional attributes of mind be understood in scientific terms? The authors propose that synergetics, the theory of non-linear complex systems, offers steps towards a possible solution to this conundrum. In particular, we maintain that an essential property of self-organized pattern formation lies within its functionality, this being the ability to optimize, respond and adapt ‘meaningfully’ to environmental constraints. Patterns become functional because they consume in a most efficient manner the gradients which cause their evolution, thereby making synergetic pattern formation appear ‘intentional’. We therefore posit that self-organization phenomena may afford basic explanations for the adaptive, intentional and purposive behavior of many complex systems, in particular of cognitive systems. This present approach elaborates on the second law of thermodynamics. 相似文献