Cognitive Processing - While most previous studies of “semantic” priming confound associative and semantic relations, here we use a simple co-occurrence-based approach to examine... 相似文献
Everyday behavior is getting increasingly attention, both in the prevention of mental impairment and the promotion of mental health – within and beyond the work context. The present study aimed to identify the importance of mental health activities for well-being and positive functioning of teachers, while taking affectivity into account. Teachers are confronted with various stressors, and identifying predictors of teachers’ well-being and positive functioning is important, not only for teachers’ personal health, but also for their students’ well-being and achievement. Based on the Broaden and Build (B&B) theory and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we assumed that (1) the practice of mental health activities is associated with well-being (i.e., positive mental health) and positive functioning (i.e., healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experiences), and that (2) mental health activities mediate the association between affectivity and the respective outcomes. These assumptions were tested in a sample of 326 German teachers (75% female, age: M = 44, SD = 11.85). The practice of mental health activities was associated with more positive mental health, more healthy work-related behavior and experiences, and less unhealthy work-related behavior and experiences. Moreover, mental health activities partly explained the relationship between affectivity and the respective outcomes. The present findings indicate the potential of mental health activities for mental health promotion in teachers but future studies are recommended in order to establish causal effects.
The mental system of an individual usually generates a reality-model that includes a self-model and a world-model as fundamental
components. Exceptional experiences (ExE) can be classified as subjectively experienced anomalies in the self-model or the
world-model or in the relation of both. Empirical studies show significant correlations between specific patterns of ExE and
socially and clinically relevant variables. In order to examine the ontological status of anomalous phenomena a psychophysical
approach is presented in which the principle of complementarity is of fundamental importance. Applying a generalized quantum
theory to psychosocial and psychophysical systems, complementary aspects such as autonomy versus reliability or novelty versus
confirmation are identified as possible local and global variables. The findings indicate that entanglement correlations could
play a role in the occurrence of ExE and that specific psychological interventions can dissolve them. 相似文献
Previous research on sensorimotor synchronization has manipulated the somatosensory information received from the tapping
finger to investigate how feedback from an active effector affects temporal coordination. The current study explored the role
of feedback from passive body parts in the regulation of spatiotemporal motor control parameters by employing a task that
required finger tapping on one’s own skin at anatomical locations of varying tactile sensitivity. A motion capture system
recorded participants’ movements as they synchronized with an auditory pacing signal by tapping with the right index finger
on either their left index fingertip (Finger/Finger) or forearm (Finger/Forearm). Results indicated that tap timing was more
variable, and movement amplitude was larger and more variable, when tapping on the finger than when tapping on the less sensitive
forearm. Finger/Finger tapping may be impaired relative to Finger/Forearm tapping due to ambiguity arising through overlap
in neural activity associated with tactile feedback from the active and the passive limb in the former. To compensate, the
control system may strengthen the assignment of tap-related feedback to the active finger by generating correlated noise in
movement kinematics and tap dynamics. 相似文献
This study examined the affective dysregulation component of borderline personality disorder (BPD) from an emotional granularity perspective, which refers to the specificity in which one represents emotions. Forty-six female participants meeting criteria for BPD and 51 female control participants without BPD and Axis I pathology completed tasks that assessed the degree to which participants incorporated information about valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and arousal (calm-activated) in their semantic/conceptual representations of emotions and in using labels to represent emotional reactions. As hypothesized, participants with BPD emphasized valence more and arousal less than control participants did when using emotion terms to label their emotional reactions. Implications and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
There is evidence that daily negative events at work enhance fatigue. In contrast, positive events may trigger processes that increase, but also processes that decrease, energetic resources. Accordingly, results regarding a main effect of positive events on fatigue have been mixed. However, a clearer pattern between positive events and fatigue can be expected under adverse circumstances (i.e., accumulation of negative events, high chronic stressors). Positive events may facilitate coping and accelerate recovery processes and, thus, reduce resource drain due to daily negative events and chronic stressors. Predicting fatigue in a diary study with 76 employees, we investigated interactions between daily positive events and (a) daily negative events and (b) chronic social stressors. Multilevel modeling revealed that negative but not positive events were associated with increased end-of-work fatigue. However, positive events interacted with negative events and with chronic social stressors. As expected, positive events were negatively associated with fatigue only on days with many negative events, but not so on days with few negative events. Analogously, positive events were negatively associated with fatigue only among employees with high, compared with low, chronic social stressors. We conclude that the beneficial short-term effects of positive events on energetic resources are largely confined to adverse circumstances. 相似文献
The article investigates Cassirer’s developing interest in the cultural sciences to display how his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms constitutes a philosophy of culture. The core concept in such a philosophy of culture is the symbolic formation that both
possesses a structured-structuring dimension and appears as an historical process in which culture shows itself as a temporal
creation. The philosophy of culture displays ‘life in meaning’, that is reality as it exhibits human reality manifested in
and through the medium of linguistic, artistic, religious, scientific “and so on” action and behaviour. This reality, therefore,
is mediation between culture and nature through human spirit. Cassirer’s philosophy of culture connects back to Kant’s transcendental
idealism by emphasizing that any concept of reality establishes itself through a modalization of reality, e.g. that reality
constitutes itself in the mode of interpretation. This makes the basis for Cassirer’s characteristic understanding of hermeneutics
where cultural development is regarded as drama. 相似文献
In this study, 6-month-olds’ perception of an object-related human grasping action was compared with their level of grasping performance using a within-participants design. In the action perception task, infants were presented with the video of an actor’s grasping movement toward an occluded target object. Subsequently, an expected and an unexpected final state of this grasping movement were presented simultaneously, and infants’ looking times were measured. In the action production task, infants were presented with three graspable objects. Infants’ grasping behavior was coded to be either palmar or thumb-opposite grasping. Results indicate that infants who were already able to perform a thumb-opposite grasp differentiated between the two final states in the action perception task by looking longer toward the unexpected final state. In contrast, infants who showed only palmar grasps looked equally long toward both final states. This finding supports the assumption that action perception and action control are already closely related in infants as young as 6 months. 相似文献