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731.
732.
Johannes Zimmermann Cord Benecke Donna S. Bender Andrew E. Skodol Henning Schauenburg Manfred Cierpka 《Journal of personality assessment》2014,96(4):397-409
Several authors have raised the concern that the DSM–5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) is relatively complex and theory laden, and thus might put high requirements on raters. We addressed this concern by having 22 untrained and clinically inexperienced students assess the personality functioning of 10 female psychotherapy inpatients from videotaped clinical interviews, using a multi-item version of the LPFS. Individual raters’ LPFS total scores showed acceptable interrater reliability, and were significantly associated with 2 distinct expert-rated measures of the severity of personality pathology. These findings suggest that, contrary to the previously mentioned concerns, successfully applying the LPFS to clinical cases might require neither extensive clinical experience nor training. 相似文献
733.
Wolfgang Fach 《Axiomathes》2011,21(2):233-247
The mental system of an individual usually generates a reality-model that includes a self-model and a world-model as fundamental
components. Exceptional experiences (ExE) can be classified as subjectively experienced anomalies in the self-model or the
world-model or in the relation of both. Empirical studies show significant correlations between specific patterns of ExE and
socially and clinically relevant variables. In order to examine the ontological status of anomalous phenomena a psychophysical
approach is presented in which the principle of complementarity is of fundamental importance. Applying a generalized quantum
theory to psychosocial and psychophysical systems, complementary aspects such as autonomy versus reliability or novelty versus
confirmation are identified as possible local and global variables. The findings indicate that entanglement correlations could
play a role in the occurrence of ExE and that specific psychological interventions can dissolve them. 相似文献
734.
735.
Previous research on sensorimotor synchronization has manipulated the somatosensory information received from the tapping
finger to investigate how feedback from an active effector affects temporal coordination. The current study explored the role
of feedback from passive body parts in the regulation of spatiotemporal motor control parameters by employing a task that
required finger tapping on one’s own skin at anatomical locations of varying tactile sensitivity. A motion capture system
recorded participants’ movements as they synchronized with an auditory pacing signal by tapping with the right index finger
on either their left index fingertip (Finger/Finger) or forearm (Finger/Forearm). Results indicated that tap timing was more
variable, and movement amplitude was larger and more variable, when tapping on the finger than when tapping on the less sensitive
forearm. Finger/Finger tapping may be impaired relative to Finger/Forearm tapping due to ambiguity arising through overlap
in neural activity associated with tactile feedback from the active and the passive limb in the former. To compensate, the
control system may strengthen the assignment of tap-related feedback to the active finger by generating correlated noise in
movement kinematics and tap dynamics. 相似文献
736.
Gross S Semmer NK Meier LL Kälin W Jacobshagen N Tschan F 《The Journal of applied psychology》2011,96(3):654-664
There is evidence that daily negative events at work enhance fatigue. In contrast, positive events may trigger processes that increase, but also processes that decrease, energetic resources. Accordingly, results regarding a main effect of positive events on fatigue have been mixed. However, a clearer pattern between positive events and fatigue can be expected under adverse circumstances (i.e., accumulation of negative events, high chronic stressors). Positive events may facilitate coping and accelerate recovery processes and, thus, reduce resource drain due to daily negative events and chronic stressors. Predicting fatigue in a diary study with 76 employees, we investigated interactions between daily positive events and (a) daily negative events and (b) chronic social stressors. Multilevel modeling revealed that negative but not positive events were associated with increased end-of-work fatigue. However, positive events interacted with negative events and with chronic social stressors. As expected, positive events were negatively associated with fatigue only on days with many negative events, but not so on days with few negative events. Analogously, positive events were negatively associated with fatigue only among employees with high, compared with low, chronic social stressors. We conclude that the beneficial short-term effects of positive events on energetic resources are largely confined to adverse circumstances. 相似文献
737.
Bender HA Zaroff CM Karantzoulis S Nakhutina L MacAllister WS Luciano D 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2011,172(1):56-66
The authors characterized the cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral sequelae of Coffin-Siris (CS) syndrome and epilepsy in a 7.5-year-old child. Little is known about the early neurobehavioral presentation of CS. Clinical features consistent with this genetic anomaly include underdeveloped tips and nails of the fifth fingers, extended infranasal depression, and craniofacial abnormalities. MRI findings often reveal callosal agenesis. The authors conducted a neuropsychological evaluation and obtained parental ratings of behavioral and adaptive functioning. Attentional abilities were limited. As assessed by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, receptive language abilities (age equivalent [AE]: 3-3) were relatively stronger than expressive skills (AE: 1-4). Adaptive functioning was low across all domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite AE: 1-9). On the Behavior Assessment for Children (BASC-2), social skills dysfunction, stereotyped and self-stimulatory behaviors, restricted interests, ritualistic play, and inappropriate object usage were noted. No significant mood disturbances were endorsed. Study findings indicate a diffuse pattern of neurobehavioral deficits in a child with CS and epilepsy. Further clinical assessment and research should include multidimensional assessment techniques, including evaluation of adaptive behavior, in an effort to capture the full range developmental sequelae in children with CS. 相似文献
738.
Ernst Wolfgang Orth 《Synthese》2011,179(1):115-134
The article investigates Cassirer’s developing interest in the cultural sciences to display how his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms constitutes a philosophy of culture. The core concept in such a philosophy of culture is the symbolic formation that both
possesses a structured-structuring dimension and appears as an historical process in which culture shows itself as a temporal
creation. The philosophy of culture displays ‘life in meaning’, that is reality as it exhibits human reality manifested in
and through the medium of linguistic, artistic, religious, scientific “and so on” action and behaviour. This reality, therefore,
is mediation between culture and nature through human spirit. Cassirer’s philosophy of culture connects back to Kant’s transcendental
idealism by emphasizing that any concept of reality establishes itself through a modalization of reality, e.g. that reality
constitutes itself in the mode of interpretation. This makes the basis for Cassirer’s characteristic understanding of hermeneutics
where cultural development is regarded as drama. 相似文献
739.
Guido M. van Koningsbruggen Wolfgang Stroebe Esther K. Papies Henk Aarts 《European journal of social psychology》2011,41(5):551-557
People often forget their long‐term strivings because their environment confronts them with attractive temptations. Previous research suggests that self‐control failures can be prevented by reminding people of their higher‐order goal. Therefore, we hypothesized that using implementation intentions as a tool to directly re‐activate people's higher‐order goal in tempting situations would effectively enhance self‐control. We tested this in the domain of dieting behavior. Results demonstrated that this specific planning strategy activated the dieting goal for unsuccessful dieters when exposed to tempting food cues (Study 1) and reduced their consumption of calorically dense food across 2 weeks (Study 2) compared to those in control conditions. This suggests that preparing people to think of their higher‐order goal when tempted can be used to protect ongoing goal striving. Appealing to higher‐order goals potentially makes implementation intentions flexible instruments of self‐regulation as this should trigger motivated behavior to reach goals and initiate various goal‐instrumental actions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
740.