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11.
William E. Foote Ph.D. Jane Goodman-Delahunty J.D. Ph.D. 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1999,17(1):123-139
The US Supreme Court recently rendered an opinion in Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. (1998), holding that same-sex sexual harassment of a male by another male provides a basis for a title VII hostile work environment claim. Social scientists have recently begun to research same-sex sexual harassment. The data indicate that men are the predominant targets of intra-gender sexual harassment, and that patterns of same-sex harassment differ from those of inter-gender harassment. The clinical research on male victims of sexual abuse suggests that symptom pictures for same-sex victims may differ from models based upon women's experience of hostile work environments. Implications for social science research and clinical practice are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Ramirez JJ Campbell D Poulton W Barton C Swails J Geghman K Courchesne SL Wentworth S 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,87(2):264-268
Entorhinal cortex lesions induce significant reorganization of several homotypic and heterotypic inputs to the hippocampus. This investigation determined whether surviving heterotypic inputs after bilateral entorhinal lesions would support the acquisition of a learned alternation task. Rats with entorhinal lesions or sham operations were trained to acquire a spatial alternation task. Although the sham-operated rats acquired the task within about 3 weeks postsurgery, rats with bilateral entorhinal lesions failed to learn the task after 12 consecutive weeks of training despite heterotypic sprouting of the cholinergic septodentate pathway and the expansion of the commissural/associational fiber plexus within the dentate gyrus. Thus, heterotypic sprouting failed to ameliorate significantly the effects of bilateral entorhinal lesions. Rather, entorhinal lesions produced a persistent impairment of spatial memory, characterized by a mixture of random error production and perseverative responding. 相似文献
13.
The Parents Matter! Program: Building a Successful Investigator-Community Partnership 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Laura A. Secrest Shana L. Lassiter Lisa P. Armistead Sarah C. Wyckoff Jacqueline Johnson Winona B. Williams Beth A. Kotchick 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(1):35-45
We examine the issues involved in creating and maintaining a successful collaboration between university-based researchers and community members when designing and implementing the Parents Matter! Program (PMP). The roles of focus groups, community advisory boards, and community liaisons are highlighted. PMP provides an illustration of the ongoing process of collaboration between investigators and community members and the benefits and challenges of such a partnership. 相似文献
14.
A means was devised of assessing elderly individuals' responses to the Senior Apperception Test (SAT) that would discriminate emotionally-cognitively impaired from nonimpaired. With a matched sample of known impaired and nonimpaired nursing home residents, SAT protocols were scored on four dimensions, and the best discriminating cut-off scores established. Protocols from a second similar matched sample were tested for discriminative effectiveness of previously established criterion scores. Significant discrimination at .01 or better was obtained for all four dimensions in the predicted direction. False positives and false negatives ranged from 7 to 33%. The best predictor score was Interpersonal-relationships, the poorest was mood. This procedure with the SAT appears to be an effective screening method for impairment, and it provides additional useful clinical information. 相似文献
15.
The introduction of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment for medication-refractory essential tremor in the late 1980s revealed, for the first time, that "chronically" implanted brain hardware had the potential to modulate neurologic function with surprisingly low morbidity. Over time, the therapeutic promise of DBS has become evident in Parkinson's disease and dystonia. In some experienced centers, complex tremor disorders, such as posttraumatic Holmes tremor and the tremor of multiple sclerosis, are being increasingly targeted. More recently, other indications, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, major depression, and chronic pain, have been proposed. As the field has expanded, our knowledge about potential cognitive side effects of DBS has also expanded. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the impact of stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus internus, and ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus on symptoms in essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and dystonia. Also discussed are the emerging targets, what is known about the cognitive sequelae of DBS, and what has been learned about the complications and therapeutic failures. 相似文献
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17.
Shana Levin Colette Van Laar Winona Foote 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(6):1471-1501
This study examined relationships among same‐ethnicity friendships, perceptions of ethnic discrimination, and social and academic adjustment in college using a large longitudinal sample of White, Asian, Latino, and African American students. Results demonstrated that Latino students who had more in‐group friends during college exhibited reduced belonging and academic performance at the end of college. Perceived discrimination also had negative effects on Latino students' sense of belonging. For African American students, having more in‐group friends during college was related to enhanced academic commitment and motivation at the end of college. Perceiving more discrimination was also associated with enhanced academic motivation for African American students. Explanations for the divergent experiences of the two minority groups on campus are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Putative metacognition data in animals may be explained by non-metacognition models (e.g., stimulus generalization). The primary
objective of the present study was to develop a new method for testing metacognition in animals that may yield data that can
be explained by metacognition but not by non-metacognition models. Next, we used the new method with rats. Rats were first
presented with a brief noise duration which they would subsequently classify as short or long. Rats were sometimes forced
to take an immediate duration test, forced to repeat the same duration, or had the choice to take the test or repeat the duration.
Metacognition, but not an alternative non-metacognition model, predicts that accuracy on difficult durations is higher when
subjects are forced to repeat the stimulus compared to trials in which the subject chose to repeat the stimulus, a pattern
observed in our data. Simulation of a non-metacognition model suggests that this part of the data from rats is consistent
with metacognition, but other aspects of the data are not consistent with metacognition. The current results call into question
previous findings suggesting that rats have metacognitive abilities. Although a mixed pattern of data does not support metacognition
in rats, we believe the introduction of the method may be valuable for testing with other species to help evaluate the comparative
case for metacognition. 相似文献
19.
The origins of fear of snakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present study, a questionnaire about the nature and origin of fear of snakes was administered to 60 Phobic, 82 Low Fear and 35 High Fear college students. Phobic and High Fear subjects reported greater fear on a variety of components of snake fear. There was little evidence supporting the role of direct conditioning experiences in the acquisition of fear of snakes. Rather, the results suggested a variety of observational and instructional learning experiences as related to the acquisition of snake fear. Although preparedness for direct conditioning does not seem relevant, a preparedness for observational and instructional learning is possible. 相似文献
20.
Emma S. Sipila‐Thomas Alexa J. Foote Allison N. White Isaac J. Melanson Matthew T. Brodhead 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2021,54(1):403-416
The purpose of this paper was to replicate previous research on preference displacement with edible and leisure stimuli. In the present study, the experimenters evaluated preference displacement in 25 children with autism spectrum disorder using combined multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessments that consisted of highly preferred edible and leisure stimuli. In addition, the experimenters used a block randomization procedure to evaluate if assessment order influenced displacement outcomes. The experimenters observed patterns of complete displacement by edible stimuli for four participants and complete displacement by leisure stimuli for two participants; assessment order did not influence outcomes. The results and implications are discussed. 相似文献