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221.
Lang R O'Reilly M Machalicek W Lancioni G Rispoli M Chan JM 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(3):441-445
A preliminary evaluation of the correspondence between functional analysis outcomes across settings was conducted with 2 children who had been diagnosed with autism and who engaged in challenging behavior. Differences across settings (a therapy room and a classroom) were demonstrated in ABAB reversal designs. Three potential patterns of results that may occur when comparing functional analyses across environments are described, and one possible explanation for the occurrence of discrepancies between environments (differing learning histories within separate environments) is offered. 相似文献
222.
Viren Swami Flora Chan Vivien Wong Adrian Furnham Martin J. Tovée 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(4):968-981
This study explored weight‐based discrimination using a range of weight categories, as represented by images of real women with known body mass index (BMI). In the first study, 30 men rated each image according to likelihood of occupational hiring for a managerial post. In the second study, 28 men rated the same images for likelihood of helping behavior following a minor accident. Study results showed that individuals with a slender body weight (BMI = 19–20) were most likely to be hired and helped, while obese (BMI > 30) participants were least likely to be hired and helped. However, results also showed that emaciated (BMI < 15) individuals were likely to be discriminated against. Implications for real‐life settings are discussed. 相似文献
223.
Perceived emotional intelligence and self-efficacy among Chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One hundred and fifty-eight secondary school teachers were assessed on their perceived emotional intelligence (Schutte et al., 1998) and general self-efficacy and self-efficacy toward helping others ( Schwarzer, 1993). An item factor analysis yielded four dimensions of perceived emotional intelligence, leading to the construction of four corresponding empirical scales. Teachers scored most highly on positive utilisation and emotional appraisal, followed by empathic sensitivity and positive regulation. Using the four components of perceived emotional intelligence as predictors of self-efficacy beliefs, positive regulation emerged as the significant predictor in predicting general self-efficacy whereas empathic sensitivity emerged as the significant predictor in predicting self-efficacy toward helping others. Implications of the findings for exploring the relationships between various components of perceived emotional intelligence and various specific self-efficacy beliefs for different groups of teachers and the need for further studies using longitudinal data are discussed. 相似文献
224.
Michelle Chan Bernhard Ross Guy Earle Jeremy B. Caplan 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(5):945-951
Memory often requires knowledge of the order of events. Previous findings about immediate judgments of relative order in short,
subspan lists are variable regarding whether participants’ strategy is to search memory in the forward direction, starting
from the first list item and progressing toward the end item, or in the backward direction, starting from the end item and
progressing toward the start. We asked whether wording of the instructions influences participants’ search direction. Participants
studied sequences of three to six consonants, and for an immediate, two-item probe of each list, judged which probe was presented
earlier (“earlier” instruction) or later (“later” instruction) on the list. Forward and backward searches were supported for
“earlier” and “later” instructions, respectively. Our findings suggest that participants have more than one effective strategy
for order judgments in short lists, and that subtle instructional differences can bias memory search in either the forward
or backward direction. 相似文献
225.
Shirley Chan 《Dao》2009,8(4):361-382
The debate over whether human nature is good or bad and how this is related to self-cultivation was central in the minds of
traditional Chinese thinkers. This essay analyzes the interrelationship between the key concepts of xing 性 (human nature), qing 情 (human emotions/feelings), and xin 心 (heart-mind) in the Guodian text of the Xing Zi Ming Chu 性自命出 (Nature Derives from Mandate) discovered in 1993 in Hubei province. The intellectual engagements evident in this Guodian
text emerge as more syncretic and dynamic than those that can be found in the discourse of any single tradition, such as Gaozi,
Mencius, or Xunzi. Its thesis on human nature and moral cultivation reveals the existence of a possibly more diverse intellectual
discourse from which the different foci of philosophical debate represented by later thinkers developed. 相似文献
226.
Professor Sik‐Yum Lee Xin‐Yuan Song Jing‐Heng Cai Wing‐Yee So Ching‐Wang Ma Chung‐Ngor Juliana Chan 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2009,62(2):327-347
Structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely applied to examine interrelationships among latent and observed variables in social and psychological research. Motivated by the fact that correlated discrete variables are frequently encountered in practical applications, a non‐linear SEM that accommodates covariates, and mixed continuous, ordered, and unordered categorical variables is proposed. Maximum likelihood methods for estimation and model comparison are discussed. One real‐life data set about cardiovascular disease is used to illustrate the methodologies. 相似文献
227.
Jeanne L. Shinskey Cindy Ho-man Chan Rhea Coleman Lauren Moxom Eri Yamamoto 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,103(4):409-420
Adult and developing humans share with other animals analog magnitude representations of number that support nonsymbolic arithmetic with large sets. This experiment tested the hypothesis that such representations may be more accurate for addition than for subtraction in children as young as 3½ years of age. In these tasks, the experimenter hid two equal sets of cookies, visibly added to or subtracted from the sets, and then asked 3½-year-olds which set had more cookies. Initial set size was either large (7 or 9) or very large (18 or 30), and the final sets differed by either a high proportion (ratio of 1:2) or a low proportion (difference of 1 cookie). Children’s addition performance exceeded chance, as well as their subtraction performance, across set sizes and proportions, whereas subtraction performance did not exceed chance. Arithmetic performance was also independent of counting ability. Addition performance was remarkably accurate when ratios between outcomes were close to 1, in contrast to previous findings. Interpretations for the asymmetry between addition and subtraction are discussed with respect to the nature of representations for nonsymbolic arithmetic with large sets. 相似文献
228.
Cultural differences in the relation between self-discrepancy and subjective well-being were examined. Participants from India (N = 54) and the United States (N = 55) listed 10 goals they set for themselves and their parents set for them. They rated the importance of own and parental goals from their own and their parents' perspective. They also completed measures of collectivism and well-being. Americans, who were less collectivistic than Indians, rated their own goals to be more important than their parents' goals for them, whereas Indians regarded their own and their parents' goals as equally important. Americans' well-being was predicted by discrepancies between own and parental ratings on personal goals. However, discrepancies between own and parental ratings on parental goals were predictive of Indians' well-being. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
229.
Mun-Chee Chan Helen L. H. Chau Rumjahn Hoosain 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1983,12(4):407-416
Chinese-English bilinguals were asked to read a passage with spontaneous bilingual code switchings, compared with a unilingual Chinese translation of the passage, a unilingual English translation, a translation with random switchings, and a translation with only nouns switched into English. There was no difference between the reading speed for the passage with natural switchings and the unilingual Chinese passage, thus questioning the need to postulate a bilingual imput/output switch. The speed for reading passages with artificial switchings was slower. In a translation task, the naturally switched items required less time in Chinese-to-English translations compared with English-to-Chinese translations. This indicates that in natural code switchings, the English lexical items produced were more available, even though English is generally the weaker language. 相似文献
230.
Longitudinal data were used to examine the effects of parental employment status and school climate on children's academic and social development. Hierarchical regression, analyses of covariance, and latent growth modeling were used to assess various aspects of change as a function of work status and school climate with family income and education as control variables. Parental employment was associated with positive changes in social and academic progress even after controlling for prior developmental level, climate, and family income although effects were small and complex. School climate had minimal effect on the outcome variables. Income and education were related to various school outcomes. 相似文献