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121.
Helene Vos Delphine Sasanguie Wim Gevers Bert Reynvoet 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(4):469-482
Digit order processing is highly related to individual differences in arithmetic performance. To examine whether serial scanning or associative mechanisms underlie order processing, order tasks (i.e. deciding whether three digits were presented in an order or not) were administered in two experiments. In the first experiment, digits were presented in different directions namely ascending, descending and non-ordered. For each direction, close and far distance sequences were presented. Results revealed reversed distance effects for ordered sequences, but ascending sequences elicited faster performance and stronger reversed distance effects than descending sequences, suggesting that associative mechanisms underlie order processing. In the second experiment, it was examined to which extent the relation between order processing and arithmetic is number-specific by presenting order tasks with digits, letters and months. In all order tasks similar distance effects were observed and similar relations with arithmetic were found, suggesting that both general associative mechanisms and number-specific mechanisms contribute to arithmetic. 相似文献
122.
We examined change and stability of the 3 personality types identified by Block and Block (1980) and studied their links with adjustment and relationships. We used data from a 5-wave study of 923 early-to-middle and 390 middle-to-late adolescents, thereby covering the ages of 12-20 years. In Study 1, systematic evidence for personality change was found, in that the number of overcontrollers and undercontrollers decreased, whereas the number of resilients increased. Undercontrol, in particular, was found to peak in early-to-middle adolescence. We also found substantial stability of personality types, because 73.5% of the adolescents had the same personality type across the 5 waves. Personality change was mainly characterized by 2 transitions: overcontrol → resiliency and undercontrol → resiliency. The transitional analyses implied that the resilient type serves more often as the end point of personality development in adolescence than do overcontrol and undercontrol. Analyses of the personality type trajectories also revealed that the majority of adolescents who change personality type across 5 years made only 1 transition. Study 2 revealed systematic differences between resilients and overcontrollers in anxiety. Stable resilients were less anxious over time than were stable overcontrollers. Further, change from overcontrol to the resilient type was accompanied by decreases in anxiety, whereas change from the resilient type to overcontrol was accompanied by an increase in anxiety. Similarly, systematic differences between personality types were found in the formation of intimate relationships. 相似文献
123.
The psychometric characteristics of Carver and White's (1994) BIS/BAS scales were examined in 2 groups of Dutch adolescents (497 early adolescents and 237 middle adolescents, M (Age) = 13.0 years and 16.4 years, respectively) and their middle-aged mothers (M (Age) = 45.2 years; N = 734). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed an acceptably fitting 2-factor model for adapted BIS /BAS scales in all 3 groups, reflecting separate BIS and BAS factors. Reliabilities of the 2 scales were satisfactory. The results supported the convergent validity of BIS and BAS scales. BIS was positively correlated with internalizing problem behaviors and neuroticism. BAS was positively correlated with externalizing problem behaviors and extraversion. The discriminant validity of the BIS/BAS scales received mixed support in our data. BIS was negatively correlated with extraversion, and BAS was not correlated with depression. However, BIS was also found to be correlated with externalizing problem behaviors, and BAS was positively correlated with neuroticism. In sum, the scales are suitable for use in research settings, but caution is advocated in application for clinical practice. 相似文献
124.
125.
Elena núňez Castellar Simone Kühn Wim Fias Wim Notebaert 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(2):270-278
A considerable number of studies have recently used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the mechanisms underlying
error processing. Nevertheless, how these mechanisms are associated with behavioral adjustments following errors remains unclear.
In the present study, we investigated how posterror slowing is linked to outcome expectations and error feedback. We used
an adaptive four-choice reaction time task to manipulate outcome expectancy. Behaviorally, the results show posterror slowing
when errors are unexpected and postcorrect slowing when correct responses are unexpected, indicating that outcome expectancy
is crucial for posterror slowing. ERP analyses revealed that the error-related negativity and the feedback-related negativity
were not correlated with the behavioral reaction time pattern, whereas the P3 was. The results support the hypothesis that
posterror slowing is caused by attentional orienting to unexpected events. 相似文献
126.
Wim P. Krijnen 《Psychometrika》2006,71(3):593-599
Several sufficient conditions are available for mean square convergence of factor predictors. A necessary and sufficient condition
is given in the Heywood case with respect to (confirmatory) factor analysis. This condition generalizes that of Krijnen (2006)
and performs better than a signal-to-noise type of condition (Schneeweiss & Mathes, 1995).
The author is obliged to the reviewers for their stimulating remarks.
Requests for reprints should be sent to Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat
15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 相似文献
127.
Wim Bernasco 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2006,3(3):139-155
Using data on residential burglaries and residential burglars in The Hague, this study addresses the issue of whether solitary offenders choose their target areas differently from the way offender groups do. It is hypothesised that, in general, burglars are attracted to neighbourhoods that are nearby their homes, nearby the city centre, affluent, physically accessible, and characterised by social disorganisation. In addition, differences between solitary burglars and co‐offending burglar groups regarding the strength of these criteria are assessed. The results support the postulated relevance of physical accessibility and proximity to the offenders' homes for both single offenders and co‐offending groups. However, solitary burglars and burglar groups seem to agree on what constitutes an attractive target area, because no evidence for the postulated differences between them is found. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
128.
Luigjes Judy Lorenzetti Valentina de Haan Sanneke Youssef George J. Murawski Carsten Sjoerds Zsuzsika van den Brink Wim Denys Damiaan Fontenelle Leonardo F. Yücel Murat 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(1):4-13
Neuropsychology Review - Compulsive tendencies are a central feature of problematic human behavior and thereby are of great interest to the scientific and clinical community. However, no consensus... 相似文献
129.
Marc J. M. H. Delsing Tom F. M. ter Bogt Rutger C. M. E. Engels Wim H. J. Meeus 《欧洲人格杂志》2008,22(2):109-130
The present paper examined the structure of Dutch adolescents' music preferences, the stability of music preferences and the relations between Big‐Five personality characteristics and (changes in) music preferences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of music‐preference data from 2334 adolescents aged 12–19 revealed four clearly interpretable music‐preference dimensions: Rock, Elite, Urban and Pop/Dance. One thousand and forty‐four randomly selected adolescents from the original sample filled out questionnaires on music preferences and personality at three follow‐up measurements. In addition to being relatively stable over 1, 2 and 3‐year intervals, music preferences were found to be consistently related to personality characteristics, generally confirming prior research in the United States. Personality characteristics were also found to predict changes in music preferences over a 3‐year interval. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
130.
The present study examines both the unique and the combined role of best friends' delinquency and perceived friendship quality in the development of adolescent delinquency. Questionnaire data were gathered from 435 Dutch adolescent best friends (mean age at first wave = 12.97) over a period of 5 years with annual assessments. Results showed that mean levels of delinquency and perceived friendship quality increased over time. Adolescent best friends were highly similar in both mean levels and changes in delinquency over time. For boys, similarity in mean level delinquency between best friends was higher than for girls. In addition, only for boys, friends' delinquency is associated with increases in adolescent delinquency over time, and adolescents' delinquency is associated with increases in friends' delinquency over time. No bidirectional longitudinal associations were found between perceived friendship quality and adolescent delinquency. No interaction effects between friendship quality and friends' delinquency on adolescent delinquency were found. Thus, findings were more in support of the differential association theory than of the social control theory. 相似文献