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71.
72.
Rachel Campbell Bart Soenens Wim Beyers Maarten Vansteenkiste 《Motivation and emotion》2018,42(5):671-681
During exam periods university students are at risk for poor sleep. To understand variability in this vulnerability for poor sleep, the role of the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness was examined by assessing university students (N?=?121; 78% female; Mage?=?21.69, SD?=?1.39, range 19–25) before, during, and after an exam period. Need-based and sleep-related functioning deteriorated during the exam period and then improved after the exam period. As need satisfaction decreased (i.e., from pre-exam to exam period) sleep quality, sleep quantity and daytime functioning deteriorated, while subsequent increases in need satisfaction (i.e., from exam to the post-exam period) were accompanied by improvements in sleep quality and daytime functioning. These correlated changes in need-based experiences and the sleep-related outcomes were largely accounted for by changes in stress, suggesting that stress may play an explanatory role in these associations. 相似文献
73.
Rongqin Yu Susan Branje Wim Meeus Hans M. Koot Pol van Lier Seena Fazel 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(4):839-848
Despite evidence of a positive link between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors, the pathways underlying this longitudinal association remain unknown. Depressive symptoms might drive and reinforce victimization which in turn could increase risk of individuals becoming violent towards others. Thus, we tested whether victimization mediated the link between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors using a 6-year longitudinal study of a community sample of adolescents. The sample included 682 Dutch adolescents (54% boys) from an ongoing longitudinal study RADAR (Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships). From ages 13 to 18 years, depressive symptoms, victimization experiences, and violent behaviors were annually assessed. We conducted longitudinal mediation analyses to test pathways to violence in adolescents with depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses revealed that victimization mediated the association between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors from early to late adolescence. As part of this, we found that adolescents’ depressive symptoms predicted victimization, and this victimization increased risk of subsequent violent behaviors. In conclusion, links between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors are potentially important to understand adolescent development. Decreasing the occurence of victimization is likely to be an important target for the prevention of violent behaviors in adolescents with depressive symptoms. 相似文献
74.
75.
Marlies Vervloet Wim Van den Noortgate Eva Ceulemans 《Behavior research methods》2018,50(4):1430-1445
Behavioral researchers often linearly regress a criterion on multiple predictors, aiming to gain insight into the relations between the criterion and predictors. Obtaining this insight from the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression solution may be troublesome, because OLS regression weights show only the effect of a predictor on top of the effects of other predictors. Moreover, when the number of predictors grows larger, it becomes likely that the predictors will be highly collinear, which makes the regression weights’ estimates unstable (i.e., the “bouncing beta” problem). Among other procedures, dimension-reduction-based methods have been proposed for dealing with these problems. These methods yield insight into the data by reducing the predictors to a smaller number of summarizing variables and regressing the criterion on these summarizing variables. Two promising methods are principal-covariate regression (PCovR) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Both simultaneously optimize reduction and prediction, but they are based on different frameworks. The resulting solutions have not yet been compared; it is thus unclear what the strengths and weaknesses are of both methods. In this article, we focus on the extents to which PCovR and ESEM are able to extract the factors that truly underlie the predictor scores and can predict a single criterion. The results of two simulation studies showed that for a typical behavioral dataset, ESEM (using the BIC for model selection) in this regard is successful more often than PCovR. Yet, in 93% of the datasets PCovR performed equally well, and in the case of 48 predictors, 100 observations, and large differences in the strengths of the factors, PCovR even outperformed ESEM. 相似文献
76.
The aftereffects of error and conflict (i.e., stimulus or response incongruency) have been extensively studied in the cognitive control literature. Each has been characterized by its own behavioral signature on the following trial. Conflict leads to a reduced congruency effect (Gratton effect), whereas an error leads to increased response time (post-error slowing). The reason for this dissociation has remained unclear. Here, we show that post-conflict slowing is not typically observed because it is masked by the processing of the irrelevant stimulus dimension. We demonstrate that post-conflict slowing does occur when tested in pure trials where helpful or detrimental impacts from irrelevant stimulus dimensions are removed (i.e., univalent stimuli). 相似文献
77.
The Concept Shifting Test (CST) is a newly developed Trail Making Type test that measures concept shifting and executive functioning. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether CST performance was affected by age, gender, educational level, or handedness and to establish the normal range of test performance. The CST was administered to a large sample (N = 1,794) of cognitively intact adults (age range 24 to 81 years). The results showed that CST performance was superior in women, decreased with age, and increased with level of education. Handedness did not affect CST performance. Normative data that are corrected for the influences of these demographical variables were established with a regression-based normative approach. 相似文献
78.
Several studies have demonstrated reduced congruency effects after incongruent trials. The conflict monitoring hypothesis
(Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001) assumes that this sequential modulation is based on top-down cognitive control
and suggests that more control is engaged after the detection of conflict. An alternative account is based on repetition effects
of stimulus and response features and can be considered bottom up. This study investigates both modulatory sources. In a Stroop
task with two response-stimulus intervals (RSIs), we demonstrate that top-down modulation does not occur with a very short
RSI, suggesting that it takes some time before the system can be reconfigured. Bottom-up modulation is observed for both RSIs.
This finding demonstrates that two different sources simultaneously reduce congruency effects after incongruent trials. 相似文献
79.
Conflict monitoring theory states that response conflict triggers conflict adaptation, resulting in reduced congruency effects
after response-incongruent trials (Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001). Verbruggen, Notebaert, Liefooghe, and
Vandierendonck (2006) observed conflict adaptation after stimulus-incongruent trials without any response conflict. In this
study, we further explore the hypothesis that stimulus conflict is an important trigger for conflict adaptation. We propose
a measure for stimulus conflict that adequately explains the data of Verbruggen et al. and new data from a numerical flanker
task. We conclude that stimulus conflict and response conflict have dissociable effects on behavior Whereas response conflict
is a good predictor of response times, stimulus conflict is a better predictor of the adaptation effect. 相似文献
80.
Verbruggen F Notebaert W Liefooghe B Vandierendonck A 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2006,13(2):328-333
Recently, several studies have been conducted to investigate the top-down adjustments made after incongruent trials during
conflict tasks. In the present study, we investigated conflict monitoring with different types of conflict. In a modified
version of the flanker task, a distinction was made between stimulus—stimulus conflict and stimulus—response conflict. Six
colors were mapped to three responses in order to exclude all sequences in which a relevant or an irrelevant stimulus- or
response-related feature was repeated from trialn−1 to trialn. An analysis of the effect of the congruency of the previous trial demonstrated that conflict adaptation was present. The
stimulus congruency effect was reduced after both a stimulus-incongruent trial and a response-incongruent trial. The response
congruency effect did not vary as a function of previous congruency. These findings are discussed in relation to the distinction
between conflict detection and conflict regulation. 相似文献