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931.
Catherine M. Wilson Ph.D. Anne G. Crocker Ph.D. Tonia L. Nicholls Ph.D. Yanick Charette M.Sc. Michael C. Seto Ph.D. 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2015,33(1):19-38
Canadian legislation makes Review Boards (RBs) responsible for rendering dispositions for individuals found Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) after considering public safety, the mental condition of the accused, and his/her potential for community reintegration. We reviewed 6,743 RB hearings for 1,794 individuals found NCRMD in the three largest Canadian provinces to investigate whether items from two empirically supported risk assessment measures, the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, were considered. Less than half the items were included in expert reports or in RBs' reasons for dispositions, and consideration of these items differed according to gender and index offense severity of the accused. These items included evidence-based risk factors and/or legally specified criteria: mental health, treatment, and criminal history. These results illustrate the gap between research on risk factors and the integration of this evidence into practice. In particular, we recommend the implementation of structured measures to reduce the potential for clinicians to be unduly influenced by gender and offense severity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
932.
933.
According to a selective looking paradigm subjects were required to attend to the inward-going or outward-going components of a combined Müller-Lyer figure in which both components were present and distinguishable by colour. The amount of the illusion was found to vary according to which component the subject attended. Subsidiary findings relate the amount of the illusion to fin angle, fin length, and length of shaft. 相似文献
934.
Colleen Ward Stephen Fox Jessie Wilson Jaimee Stuart Larissa Kus 《Psychological studies》2010,55(1):26-34
The paper outlines the major approaches to the psychological study of acculturation, drawing particular attention to the importance
of context. Three significant contexts are highlighted: family, ethnic community, and society/nation. New perspectives from
our evolving program of acculturation research are introduced to illustrate contextual influences on acculturation, and future
directions for empirical work are recommended. 相似文献
935.
Bianca D. M. Wilson Gary W. Harper Marco A. Hidalgo Omar B. Jamil Rodrigo Sebastián Torres M. Isabel Fernandez 《American journal of community psychology》2010,45(1-2):169-185
In the context of a U.S. dominant masculinity ideology, which devalues men who are not heterosexually identified, many gay, bisexual and questioning (GBQ) adolescent males must develop their own affirming and health-promoting sense of masculinity. In order to promote the well-being of GBQ young men, exploration of their reactions and responses to dominant images of masculinity is needed. We qualitatively analyzed interviews with 39 GBQ African American, Latino, and European American male adolescents (15–23 years old). Participants reported a range of responses to traditional masculinity ideologies, most of which centered on balancing presentations of masculine and feminine characteristics. Negotiation strategies served a variety of functions, including avoiding anti-gay violence, living up to expected images of masculinity, and creating unique images of personhood free of gender role expectations. These data suggest a complex picture of GBQ male adolescents’ management of masculinity expectations and serve as a basis for culturally and developmentally specific HIV prevention programs. 相似文献
936.
Two obstacles impede the development of productive theories in personality, social, and organizational psychology. First, the distinct frameworks are seldom integrated; the various theories sometimes yield incompatible implications. Second, because many findings in these fields seem intuitive, these observations do not augment the validity of these theories. To override these issues, this paper integrates the 70 most unintuitive findings of 2007 into a unified framework, derived from personality systems interaction theory. Specifically, 10 participants extracted the most unintuitive observations from 17 scholarly journals. These findings were reconciled within a single framework that generates 41 testable propositions. The framework assumes that an associative self system, underpinned by a vast network of schemas, governs behavior as well as enhances intuition, engagement, creativity, and cooperation. When individuals experience a threat, this system is inhibited, unless the requisite defense mechanisms to accommodate potential hazards have been developed. Furthermore, individuals attempt to distance themselves from unassailable threats, which activate an analytical system that formulates plans that could accommodate future contingencies. These plans are retained in memory or executed if individuals have acquired sufficient confidence. 相似文献
937.
David M. DeJoy Mark G. Wilson Robert J. Vandenberg Allison L. McGrath‐Higgins C. Shannon Griffin‐Blake 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2010,83(1):139-165
This research evaluates a healthy work organization intervention implemented in a retail setting. Using a participatory process, employee teams in 11 intervention stores developed customized plans for improving work organization at their sites. Ten comparable stores served as controls. Employee surveys were administered prior to the intervention and twice again at 12‐month intervals. Business results were compiled monthly for each store. The baseline data were used by the teams to identify needs and establish action priorities for their stores. Most study outcomes declined across time for all stores, due primarily to internal corporate events and a generally adverse economic environment. However, the intervention process appeared to buffer some of these declines; intervention stores fared better in terms of selected aspects of organizational climate and psychological work adjustment. Intervention stores also performed better than controls on general indices of perceived health and safety and two of the four business outcomes: employee turnover and sales per labour hour. These results are discussed in terms of the challenges involved in evaluating organizational‐level interventions in work settings. 相似文献
938.
Based in Conservation of Resources (COR; Hobfoll, 1989) and self-verification (Swann, 1987) theories, we argue that when workers experience conflict between the work and family domains, this should have implications for evaluations of their work performance and ultimately affect more “objective” career outcomes such as salary and hierarchical level attained, as well as the attitudinal outcome of career satisfaction. Our meta-analysis of 96 studies, for a combined sample size of 32,783, found that both work-to-family conflict (WFC) as well as family-to-work conflict (FWC) negatively impacted self-rated as well as manager-rated work performance. And our structural equation model found that WFC and FWC were negatively related to career satisfaction and hierarchical level attained. But while WFC was negatively related to salary, FWC was positively related to salary. 相似文献
939.
The quest to understand what it means to ‘become’ a teacher and the conditions in which such aspirations can be translated
into lived experience, continues to exercise teacher educators and researchers alike. Whilst the literature points towards
the importance of developing teacher identity, little attention has been given to understanding the transitional processes
of individuals coming into teaching at a later point in their working lives. The research reported here was part of a wider
project investigating the experiences of early career science teachers. In this study we follow one mature, highly qualified
science graduate as she moved through initial teacher education and beyond into her first teaching post. Drawing on theories
of identity and self-verification, the analysis reveals how disparity between strongly-held archetypal teacher images and
socially constructed teacher identity played out and led this teacher to step away from her new career. Fostering a strong
sense of self-efficacy is suggested as critical in supporting mid-career changers in making durable adjustments to new working
roles and contexts of teaching. 相似文献
940.
The additive and interactive effects of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) were examined using 16 independent samples of New Zealand European participants ( N = 2,164). Consistent with Duckitt's (2001) Dual Process Model, SDO and RWA displayed strong additive effects across various domains of intergroup-related attitude, including measures of racism, sexism, homosexual prejudice, and ethnic and religious ingroup identification. In each of these five domains, meta-analysis indicated that the statistical interaction of SDO and RWA accounted for an average of less than .001% variance in addition to their linear combination. It is concluded that the association between SDO and various discriminatory attitudes and beliefs is only extremely weakly dependent on RWA, and vice-versa, suggesting that these two ideological attitudes are primarily additive, rather than interactive, in nature. 相似文献