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991.
The additive and interactive effects of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) were examined using 16 independent samples of New Zealand European participants ( N = 2,164). Consistent with Duckitt's (2001) Dual Process Model, SDO and RWA displayed strong additive effects across various domains of intergroup-related attitude, including measures of racism, sexism, homosexual prejudice, and ethnic and religious ingroup identification. In each of these five domains, meta-analysis indicated that the statistical interaction of SDO and RWA accounted for an average of less than .001% variance in addition to their linear combination. It is concluded that the association between SDO and various discriminatory attitudes and beliefs is only extremely weakly dependent on RWA, and vice-versa, suggesting that these two ideological attitudes are primarily additive, rather than interactive, in nature. 相似文献
992.
Acute nicotine reinforcement, but not chronic tolerance, predicts withdrawal and relapse after quitting smoking. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kenneth A Perkins Michelle Broge Debra Gerlach Mark Sanders James E Grobe Christine Cherry Annette S Wilson 《Health psychology》2002,21(4):332-339
Little research has examined the association of tobacco dependence with nicotine tolerance or reinforcement in a clinical sample. Smokers preparing to quit smoking participated in laboratory sessions to assess nicotine tolerance on subjective, cardiovascular, and performance measures and to assess nicotine reinforcement using a choice procedure. Participants were then provided with individual counseling (but no medication), made a quit attempt, and were followed for 1 year to determine clinical outcome, as determined by postquit withdrawal and days to relapse. Nicotine tolerance was unrelated to either withdrawal or relapse. However, acute nicotine reinforcement was significantly related to both greater withdrawal and faster relapse. Results challenge the common assumption that nicotine tolerance is closely related to dependence but suggest that nicotine reinforcement may have theoretical and clinical significance for dependence. 相似文献
993.
994.
María Josefina D'Alessio Virginia Jaichenco Maximiliano A. Wilson 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(6):501-512
In the last decades, a series of studies has explored the role of morphological awareness on reading comprehension. Path analysis studies performed in English have shown that morphological awareness benefits reading comprehension both directly and indirectly, through word decoding. This issue has seldom been explored in Spanish. The aim of this study was to replicate in Spanish the results previously found in English. We used path analysis to assess three alternative models of the relationship between morphological awareness, word decoding and reading comprehension in 4th grade Spanish‐speaking children. Contrary to English, we found that morphological awareness benefits reading comprehension only directly. We conclude that in Spanish, in which accurate and fluent pronunciation of written words can be achieved through grapheme‐to‐phoneme conversion rules, morphological awareness does not help the correct pronunciation of words. Thus, morphological awareness is not relevant for word decoding in Spanish but is related to reading comprehension since this type of morphological knowledge provides access to the semantic and syntactic information of new words. 相似文献
995.
Gabriel P. Kuperminc Scot Seitz Hannah Joseph Nadim Khatib Christyl Wilson Krista Collins Omar Guessous 《American journal of community psychology》2019,63(3-4):391-404
Using multilevel data from the national evaluation of Boys and Girls Clubs of America (BGCA), this study examined associations among programmatic structures, workplace and workforce characteristics, and relational practices of program staff as they relate to young people's ratings of their experience attending local clubs. The sample included 57,710 members and 5,231 staff members at 740 BGCA sites throughout the United States. Staff relational practices—including establishing caring relationships, setting high expectations, positive behavior management, encouraging youth input and agency, and cultural sensitivity—explained associations between staffing and organizational functioning and youths’ perceptions of the quality of their clubs. Findings suggest a central role of staff relational practices in establishing conditions that youth experience positively, and that staffing and organizational processes, including community engagement and teamwork and efficiency can be viewed as foundations for establishing a culture of positive adult‐youth interaction, which in turn can contribute to the promotion of positive youth development. Further, identification with the experiences of youth had a direct association with youths’ perceptions of club quality. These results underscore the importance of staff workforce development initiatives as key to improving youth experiences in after‐school programs. 相似文献
996.
Motivation and Emotion - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the last paragraph of result section in Study 1. 相似文献
997.
Amy J. Dray Nathaniel J. S. Brown Ronli Diakow Yongsang Lee Mark R. Wilson 《Reading Psychology》2019,40(2):191-241
This article describes the development of an assessment system for adolescent reading comprehension. It presents a research context—a reading intervention implemented in middle and high schools in an urban district—which became the impetus for the work. The article outlines the organizational principles of construct modeling that guided the design of the measures and describes the theory and research on adolescent reading that formed the basis of the work. It outlines the technical aspects of the measurement system and the methodology used to analyze internal and external validity. The curriculum-embedded assessment profiled in this study informs teachers about student learning. It also grounds assessment in cognitive and learning theory, thereby linking the assessments to broader content standards and current research and policy. By aligning what is taught with what is assessed, the article adds to a growing body of work that calls for increased integration between reading intervention and assessment teams. 相似文献
998.
Affective Forecasting 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
999.
This essay explores the meaning of the expression underlaw in Galatians (3:23; 4:4, 5, 21; 5:18). It is arguedthat the expression serves as rhetorical shorthand for underthe curse of the law (3:10, 13). After a brief discussionof criteria with which to identify the use of rhetorical shorthand,several reasons are offered as to why Paul may have chosen touse under law as shorthand for under thecurse of the law. The bulk of the essay is devoted toa close exegetical study of the five uses of the expressionin Galatians. The essay concludes by responding to a few possibleobjections to this thesis and drawing out some implications. 相似文献
1000.
The pleasures of uncertainty: prolonging positive moods in ways people do not anticipate 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wilson TD Centerbar DB Kermer DA Gilbert DT 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2005,88(1):5-21
The authors hypothesized that uncertainty following a positive event prolongs the pleasure it causes and that people are generally unaware of this effect of uncertainty. In 3 experimental settings, people experienced a positive event (e.g., received an unexpected gift of a dollar coin attached to an index card) under conditions of certainty or uncertainty (e.g., it was easy or difficult to make sense of the text on the card). As predicted, people's positive moods lasted longer in the uncertain conditions. The results were consistent with a pleasure paradox, whereby the cognitive processes used to make sense of positive events reduce the pleasure people obtain from them. Forecasters seemed unaware of this paradox; they overwhelmingly preferred to be in the certain conditions and tended to predict that they would be in better moods in these conditions. 相似文献