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951.
Kathleen?C.?LaundyEmail author William?Nelson Daisy?Abucewicz 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(4):384-399
Building collaborative multidisciplinary mental health teams to boost student achievement has been a growing initiative in
American schools since the 1970s. Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs)joined those teams in 2008, when Connecticut became
the first state to certify MFTs for schoolbased practice. This article chronicles the history of that collaboration and reports
initial research into MFT school-based participation on those teams. 相似文献
952.
953.
H. Jack Walker Hubert S. Feild William F. Giles Jeremy B. Bernerth Jeremy C. Short 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2011,114(2):165-178
Although job seekers’ organizational image perceptions can influence attraction to recruiting organizations, little is known about how these perceptions are formed or modified. To address this research gap, the authors drew from research in social cognition theory and demonstrated that recruitment Web site characteristics influenced the development and modification of organizational image perceptions via a priming mechanism. Results of two studies showed that having technologically advanced Web site features and depicting racially diverse organizational members served as contextual primers and influenced participants’ organizational image perceptions. Results also revealed that participants’ familiarity with recruiting organizations moderated the effects of these Web site characteristics on several dimensions of organizational image such that effects were weaker for more familiar organizations. These findings suggest that organizations can manage job seekers’ organizational image perceptions through strategic recruitment Web site design; however, such attempts may be tempered by job seekers’ familiarity with the organization. 相似文献
954.
When laws or legal principles mention mental states such as intentions to form a contract, knowledge of risk, or purposely causing a death, what parts of the brain are they speaking about? We argue here that these principles are tacitly directed at our prefrontal executive processes. Our current best theories of consciousness portray it as a workspace in which executive processes operate, but what is important to the law is what is done with the workspace content rather than the content itself. This makes executive processes more important to the law than consciousness, since they are responsible for channelling conscious decision-making into intentions and actions, or inhibiting action. We provide a summary of the current state of our knowledge about executive processes, which consists primarily of information about which portions of the prefrontal lobes perform which executive processes. Then we describe several examples in which legal principles can be understood as tacitly singling out executive processes, including principles regarding defendants' intentions or plans to commit crimes and their awareness that certain facts are the case (for instance, that a gun is loaded), as well as excusatory principles which result in lesser responsibility for those who are juveniles, mentally ill, sleepwalking, hypnotized, or who suffer from psychopathy. 相似文献
955.
Over the past 5 years, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has begun to provide new evidence about the effects of prenatal alcohol
exposure on white matter development. DTI, which examines microstructural tissue integrity, is sensitive to more subtle white
matter abnormalities than traditional volumetric MRI methods. Thus far, the available DTI data suggest that white matter microstructural
abnormalities fall on a continuum of severity in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Abnormalities are prominent in the
corpus callosum, but also evident in major anterior-posterior fiber bundles, corticospinal tracts, and cerebellum. These subtle
abnormalities are correlated with neurocognitive deficits, especially in processing speed, non-verbal ability, and executive
functioning. Future studies using larger samples, increasingly sophisticated DTI methods, and additional functional MRI connectivity
measures will better characterize the full range of abnormalities in FASD. Ultimately, these measures may serve as indices
of change in future longitudinal studies and in studies of interventions for FASD. 相似文献
956.
The present study was designed to explore the relationship between self-reported dissociative experiences and performance in tasks eliciting right-hemisphere processing load. Thirty-four participants (10 men and 24 women) performed a vigilance task in two conditions: with task-irrelevant negative-arousing pictures and task-irrelevant neutral pictures. Dissociation was assessed with the Dissociative Experience Scale. Consistent with theories positing right-hemisphere deregulation in high non-clinical dissociators, dissociative experiences correlated with greater vigilance decrement only in the negative picture condition. As both the vigilance task and negative picture processing are right lateralized, this result provides support for a right-hemisphere dysfunction in high dissociators, at least in negative conditions. 相似文献
957.
William A. Newbill Gordon L. Paul Anthony A. Menditto Justin R. Springer Paras Mehta 《Behavioral Interventions》2011,26(3):214-230
Deficits in adaptive behavior are a major reason why individuals remain hospitalized or return to inpatient settings. During recovery from a serious mental illness, development of adaptive behavior is as important as reduction of ‘symptoms’. Social learning programs (SLPs) have been identified as a best practice in inpatient settings. This study examined whether SLPs facilitated significant growth in adaptive behavior from baseline through one, two, three, and four years of intervention. Direct observational coding of adaptive behavior was conducted before and during intervention and subjected to pre‐post analysis. In addition, individual change modeling was used to characterize the rate and extent of change. Finally, initial response to intervention was examined for utility in predicting total response at distal time points. The SLPs facilitated significant improvements in total adaptive behavior from baseline to each of the distal time points (with effect sizes from 1.18 to 1.53). Change during the first five weeks failed to consistently predict total change, likely because of adaptive intervention procedures. SLPs facilitated significant improvements in the kind of adaptive behavior that helps people get out and stay out of inpatient settings. If replicated, estimated rates of change established in this study could be used as benchmarks for future implementations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
958.
Reeb-Sutherland BC Fifer WP Byrd DL Hammock EA Levitt P Fox NA 《Developmental science》2011,14(5):1134-1141
Although infants display preferences for social stimuli early in their lives, we know relatively little about the mechanisms of infant learning about the social world. In the current set of studies, 1-month-old infants underwent an adapted eyeblink conditioning paradigm to examine learning to both 'social' and non-social cues. While infants were asleep, they were presented with either a 'social' stimulus (a female voice) or one of two non-social stimuli (tone or backward voice) followed by an airpuff presented to the eyelid. Infants in the experimental groups displayed increased learning across trials, regardless of stimulus type. However, infants conditioned to the 'social' stimulus showed increased learning compared to infants conditioned to either of the non-social stimuli. These results suggest a mechanism by which learning about the social world occurs early in life and the power of ecologically valid cues in facilitating that learning. 相似文献
959.
Cognitive culture: theoretical and empirical insights into social learning strategies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rendell L Fogarty L Hoppitt WJ Morgan TJ Webster MM Laland KN 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2011,15(2):68-76
Research into social learning (learning from others) has expanded significantly in recent years, not least because of productive interactions between theoretical and empirical approaches. This has been coupled with a new emphasis on learning strategies, which places social learning within a cognitive decision-making framework. Understanding when, how and why individuals learn from others is a significant challenge, but one that is critical to numerous fields in multiple academic disciplines, including the study of social cognition. 相似文献
960.
Rhodes R Azzouni J Baumrin SB Benkov K Blaser MJ Brenner B Dauben JW Earle WJ Frank L Gligorov N Goldfarb J Hirschhorn K Hirschhorn R Holzman I Indyk D Jabs EW Lackey DP Moros DA Philpott S Rhodes ME Richardson LD Sacks HS Schwab A Sperling R Trusko B Zweig A 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2011,11(11):1-7