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921.
Amy E. Lincourt Charles L. Folk William J. Hoyer 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(4):290-303
Abstract This experiment examined adult age differences in the speed and accuracy of voluntary and involuntary shifts of visual attention. Younger and older adults performed two spatial cuing tasks using central cues and abrupt onset peripheral cues presented at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ms. Analyses of the magnitudes of cuing effects revealed a similar time course for younger and older adults in the central cue condition, but not in the peripheral condition. Analyses of the Brinley plot for central cues across cue validity conditions indicated that as much as 93% of the variance could be attributed to age-related general slowing rather than to differential aging of a specific visual orienting mechanism. 相似文献
922.
Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez María Ángeles Pérez-San-Gregorio Graeme J. Taylor R. Michael Bagby Lindsay E. Ayearst Guillermo Izquierdo 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2013,13(3):226-234
There have been a small number of investigations of alexithymia in multiple sclerosis (MS) using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). However, the TAS-20 factor structure has not yet been evaluated in a MS patient sample, and earlier Spanish translations of this instrument require some improvement. We aimed to evaluate the factorial validity and reliability of an improved Spanish translation of the TAS-20 (the TAS-20-S). The TAS-20-S was completed by 221 MS patients. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit of six different factor models. Internal consistency and retest reliability coefficients were also computed. The correlated three-factor model and the higher-order factor model made up of Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Difficulty Describing Feelings, and Externally Oriented Thinking achieved the best fit. Alpha coefficients ranged between .87 and .67; mean inter-item correlations ranged between .48 and .20; and retest correlations after 6 months ranged between .61 and .52. A high degree of alexithymia was present in 18.1% of the sample. Reliability and the traditional three-factor structure were demonstrated for the TAS-20-S, which can now be recommended for assessing an aspect of emotional processing in MS patients. 相似文献
923.
Previous studies have suggested that the process of transmigration has detrimental effects on the body image of migrants relative to women in the country of origin. In the present work, we examined the body image of Polish migrants in Britain (n = 153), Polish women in Poland (n = 153), and a comparison group of British White women (n = 110). Participants completed a measure of actual-ideal weight discrepancy and the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS). Contrary to hypotheses, our results showed that Polish women in Poland had significantly higher weight discrepancy than their counterparts in Britain. Further analyses showed that the BAS reduced to two dimensions among Polish participants, with Polish participants in Poland having significantly lower body appreciation than Polish migrants. We suggest that the sociocultural changes that have taken place in Eastern Europe may place women in that region at relatively high risk for developing negative body image. 相似文献
924.
925.
The central role of the parietal lobes in consciousness. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J G Taylor 《Consciousness and cognition》2001,10(3):379-417
There are now various approaches to understand where and how in the brain consciousness arises from neural activity, none of which is universally accepted. Difficulties among these approaches are reviewed, and a missing ingredient is proposed here to help adjudicate between them, that of "perspectivalness." In addition to a suitable temporal duration and information content of the relevant bound brain activity, this extra component is posited as being a further important ingredient for the creation of consciousness from neural activity. It guides the development of what is termed the "Central Representation," which is supposed to be present in all mammals and extended in humans to support self-consciousness as well as phenomenal consciousness. Experimental evidence and a theoretical framework for the existence of the central representation are presented, which relates the extra component to specific buffer working memory sites in the inferior parietal lobes, acting as attentional coordinators on the spatial maps making up the central representation. The article closes with a discussion of various open questions. 相似文献
926.
927.
William J. Mander 《Heythrop Journal》2002,43(4):430-443
Does God knows what it is like to be me? Scripture and religious tradition seem quite clear that God knows everything about us, even the deepest secrets of our hearts. There is nothing hidden from him. And this is an answer backed up by a more philosophical theology; for among the traditional list of divine attributes is omniscience: knowing everything that there is to know. The idea, moreover, seems essential to the ordinary religious consciousness, for how can God really help us, or fairly judge us, unless he knows exactly what things are like for us? 相似文献
928.
Robert R. Sinclair William D. Fleming Rachel Radwinsky David R. Clupper Jill H. Clupper 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(2):424-442
This study proposed an individual-difference perspective on heart patients' customer-service satisfaction. We hypothesized that heart patients' satisfaction with service is positively related to wellness and that instrumental care, expressive care, and communication effectiveness are positively related to satisfaction and wellness. We also hypothesized that patients' values for services would moderate the relationship between service provision and outcomes. A survey of 217 heart patients provided support for these hypotheses. Of particular interest were findings that: (a) the service provision-service outcomes relationship was moderated by service values for some patient groups but not for others; and (b) the service provision-outcomes relationship differed across patient subgroups. We discuss the implications for patient satisfaction research and for planning individualized treatment strategies. 相似文献
929.
Organizational Politics and Work Identity as Predictors of Organizational Commitment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. A. Witt Anthony L. Patti William L. Farmer 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(3):486-499
Building on the organizational-politics (Kaemar & Baron, 1999) and social-identity (Hogg & Terry, 2000) literatures, we examined the moderating effect of work identity on the organizational-politics/organizational-commitment relationship. Data collected from 500 employees of a data-reporting organization and 943 employees of a customer-service organization indicate that employees who identified primarily with their occupations were less affected by the level of perceived politics in the organization in the consideration of their commitment than were employees who identified primarily with their employing organizations or one of its units. Implications for research and management practice are discussed. 相似文献
930.
James D. Johnson Carolyn H. Simmons Amanda Jordav Leslie Maclean Jeffrey Taddei Duane Thomas John F. Dovidio William Reed 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(6):1208-1223
White university students participated in a study to investigate the impact of defendant race and empathetic induction on a subsequent juror decision-making task. Participants read a passage involving a Black or a White defendant in a criminal case. They were subsequently induced to feel no empathy, low empathy, or high empathy for the defendant. When compared to participants in the low- and control empathy conditions, those in the high-empathy condition reported greater target empathy, made attributions that were more situational, and assigned more lenient punishments. The results also indicate that group membership can moderate the impact of empathetic induction. When compared to the participants in the Black defendant condition, those in the White defendant condition reported greater target empathy, made attributions that were more situational, and assigned more lenient punishments. Implications for both empathy and judicial decision-making research are discussed. 相似文献