Jody L. Swartz-Kulstad  William E. Martin 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1999,77(3):281-293

The growing diversity of the American population requires of counselors an increased understanding of inter- and intracultural factors. All clients have culture, and contextualized cultural variables can and do affect an individual's ability to adapt to his or her environment. Adaptation difficulties typically produce concerns that further affect the individual's functioning. Counselors need to incorporate contextualized cultural factors into their conceptualization of the individual's concerns and the treatment process. Use of the Cultural and Contextual Guide Process to facilitate inclusion of contextualized culture in the counseling process is discussed and a case study is used to exemplify the process.  相似文献   

    

William P. McFarland  Timothy R. McMahon 《The Journal of Humanistic Counseling》1999,38(1):47-60

The male archetypes of King, Lover, Magician, and Warrior provide important and timeless insights into mature masculine qualities. Homosexual identity development models describe tasks that confront gay men as they move through the identity development process. In this article, the authors propose that by understanding the metaphor of male archetypes, gay men will discover internal resources that they can use to achieve a positive gay identity.  相似文献   

    

Michele A. Craft  Sheila R. Alber  William L. Heward 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(3):399-415

Four fourth graders with developmental disabilities were trained to recruit teacher attention while they worked on spelling assignments in a general education classroom. The students were taught to show their work to the teacher two to three times per session and to make statements such as, “How am I doing?” or “Look, I'm all finished!” Training was conducted in the special education classroom and consisted of modeling, role playing, error correction, and praise. A multiple baseline across students design showed that recruitment training increased (a) the frequency of students' recruiting, (b) the frequency of teacher praise received by the students, (c) the percentage of worksheet items completed, and (d) the accuracy with which the students completed the spelling assignments.  相似文献   

    

William Nasby  Nancy W. Read 《Journal of personality》1997,65(4):959-1011

ABSTRACT Chapter 6 applies the five-factor model and the life-story model as complementary perspectives to the multiple data sources collected for the case study of Dodge Morgan. We integrate the two models to create a new level of analysis that captures differing aspects of experience. We develop a holistic personality analysis of Morgan, interpreting his childhood, young manhood, adventures in Alaska and on the boat Coaster, his return to the mainland and embrace of business and entrepreneurship, and his solo circumnavigation. We address questions of voyage outcomes with reference to the quantitative analyses of his voyage log; we consider not only the external journey but also his internal psychological issues and developmental tasks.  相似文献   

    

Jacqueline S. Mattis  Wizdom Powell Hammond  Nyasha Grayman  Meredith Bonacci  William Brennan  Sheri-Ann Cowie  Lina Ladyzhenskaya  Sara So 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(1-2):71-84

Contemporary social science paints a bleak picture of inner-city relational life. Indeed, the relationships of low-income, urban-residing Americans are represented as rife with distress, violence and family disruption. At present, no body of social scientific work systematically examines the factors that promote loving or selfless interactions among low-income, inner-city American individuals, families and communities. In an effort to fill that gap, this ethnographic study examined the motivations for altruism among a sample of adults (n = 40) who reside in an economically distressed housing community (i.e., housing project) in New York City. Content analyses of interviews indicated that participants attributed altruism to an interplay between 14 motives that were then ordered into four overarching categories of motives: (1) needs-centered motives, (2) norm-based motives deriving from religious/spiritual ideology, relationships and personal factors, (3) abstract motives (e.g., humanism), and (4) sociopolitical factors. The implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Alison Brause  Kathryn Cason  William Spelman 《International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies》2005,2(4):365-380

Current models for predicting US presidential elections focus on economic growth, the popularity of the current President, and incumbency. Most presume implicitly that the election is a referendum on the performance of the sitting President and his party. Characteristics of the opponent and personal characteristics of the incumbent party's candidate are not accounted for. In this paper, we explain and test a new model drawn from the literature on the performance of corporate executives. The model relies on objective measures of the complexity with which each candidate processes information. In all presidential elections for which these measures are available, the candidate who demonstrated the greater complexity of information processing won. Adding the information processing assessment also improves the predictive performance of current models. These findings suggest that the referendum model is needlessly limited, and that voters in fact compare the expected performance of both candidates before making a decision. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Alexa Bryans North  William E. Worth 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2004,41(2):60-70

The authors describe a longitudinal study that was conducted to identify trends in entry‐level technology, interpersonal, and basic communication competencies and skills using classified newspaper advertisements from 10 U.S. standard metropolitan statistical areas. To date, 4,200 advertisements have been analyzed for 2 competencies and 1 foundational skill from the “Workplace Know‐Hows” identified in the 1991 report of the U.S. Department of Labor Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS). Data for the year 2002 indicated that the workplace continues to seek the competencies and skills advocated by the SCANS authors.  相似文献   

    

Marcus O'Connor  William Remus  Kai Lim 《决策行为杂志》2005,18(4):247-260

This study examines the utility of two widely advocated methods for supporting judgmental forecasts—providing task feedback and providing judgmental bootstrapping support. In a simulated laboratory based experiment that focused on producing composite sales forecasts from three individual components, we compared the effectiveness of these two methods in improving final judgmental forecasts. In the presence of cognitive feedback task, feedback led to better forecasts than providing judgmental bootstrap forecasts. Simply providing bootstrap forecasts was of no additional benefit over a control condition. This was true in terms of the Brunswik Lens model measures of achievement, knowledge, and consistency, and in terms of forecast accuracy. This occurred both in stable environments and when special events (unusual one‐time events requiring adjustments to the forecasts) arose. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Francis J. Ciccone  Richard B. Graff  William H. Ahearn 《Behavioral Interventions》2005,20(2):121-127

DeLeon and Iwata (1996) described the difficulties in applying the percentage approached scoring method to the multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment relative to its application in the paired stimulus assessment. This scoring method may result in highly preferred items being misidentified as moderate or low preference. In the present study, the results of 57 MSWO assessments were scored using both the percentage approach method and a point weighting method. More items were identified as highly preferred with the point weighting method. Reinforcer assessments were conducted on a subset of stimuli judged to be high preference using the point weighting method but moderately or non‐preferred when scored with the percentage approached method; all stimuli functioned as reinforcers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Vasquez EA  Bartsch VO  Pedersen WC  Miller N 《Aggressive behavior》2007,33(6):477-485

We tested the hypothesis that ruminating about a previous aggressive prime interacts with a subsequent minor frustration to augment aggression. Sixty participants watched a video showing a murder during a bank robbery (the aggressive prime). Those in the rumination condition were asked to write about the video for 20 min. In the no rumination condition, participants were given 20 min to complete an irrelevant task. Participants were then either frustrated or not frustrated. Our results supported the main hypothesis. Relative to the control condition, neither rumination nor frustration alone impacted aggression. Rumination, in combination with a minor frustration, however, increased the recommended prison sentence towards the targets. We discuss the implications of our findings.  相似文献