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871.
Michael T. McFall 《Philosophia》2011,39(4):657-672
The decision to get married, as well as choosing whom to marry, is of the utmost importance to most people. This decision
consists of many amoral considerations, but an ethical relationship arises when a promise is made, especially a vow that binds
for a lifetime and affects oneself, one’s spouse, one’s children, and society. This essay provides an account of ideal romantic
marriage, arguing that John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty provides an excellent foundation for constructing such an account. Neither dead dogma nor living truth is a healthy model
for marriage, so a hybrid model of marriage, living dogma, is developed. The importance of the marital vow becomes apparent
as the living dogma account is revealed, and this examination yields a model for how to decide when and whom to marry. 相似文献
872.
Brandon Warmke 《Philosophia》2011,39(1):179-200
Moral responsibility invariantism is the view that there is a single set of conditions for being morally responsible for an
action (or omission or consequence of an act or omission) that applies in all cases. I defend this view against some recent
arguments by Joshua Knobe and John Doris. 相似文献
873.
Recently, the ‘right to die’ became a major social issue. Few agree suicide is a right tout court. Even those who believe suicide (‘regular’, passive, or physician-assisted) is sometimes morally permissible usually require
that a suicide be ‘rational suicide’: instrumentally rational, autonomous, due to stable goals, not due to mental illness,
etc. We argue that there are some perfectly ‘rational suicides’ that are, nevertheless, bad mistakes. The concentration on
the rationality of the suicide instead of on whether it is a mistake may lead to permitting suicides that should be forbidden. 相似文献
874.
Kevin Reuter 《Philosophia》2011,39(1):31-38
The literature suggests that in sensory imagination we focus on the imagined objects, not on the imaginative states themselves,
and that therefore imagination is not introspective. It is claimed that the introspection of imaginative states is an additional
cognitive ability. However, there seem to be counterexamples to this claim. In many cases in which we sensorily imagine a
certain object in front of us, we are aware that this object is not really where we imagine it to be. So it looks as if in
these cases of imagination, we are aware of the mere appearance of the imagined object, and hence introspection is a constitutive
part of imagination. In this article, I address this contradictory state of affairs and argue that we should classify at least
some forms of sensory imagination as introspective. For this purpose I use the appearance-reality distinction as a central
notion for introspection. I also defend the thesis of introspective imagination against the objection that young children
imagine without yet understanding the concept of experience. 相似文献
875.
An immunizing strategy is an argument brought forward in support of a belief system, though independent from that belief system, which makes it more or less invulnerable to rational argumentation and/or empirical evidence. By contrast,
an epistemic defense mechanism is defined as a structural feature of a belief system which has the same effect of deflecting arguments and evidence. We discuss the remarkable recurrence of certain patterns of immunizing strategies and defense mechanisms in pseudoscience and other belief systems. Five different
types will be distinguished and analyzed, with examples drawn from widely different domains. The difference between immunizing
strategies and defense mechanisms is analyzed, and their epistemological status is discussed. Our classification sheds new
light on the various ways in which belief systems may achieve invulnerability against empirical evidence and rational criticism, and we propose our analysis as part of an explanation of these belief
systems’ enduring appeal and tenacity. 相似文献
876.
877.
Michael J. Raven 《Philosophia》2011,39(4):751-757
Aristotelian relativism about the future (as recently defended by MacFarlane (2003)) claims that a prediction made on Monday, such as ‘It will rain’, can be indeterminate on Monday but determinate on Tuesday.
A serious objection to this intuitively appealing view is that it cannot coherently be attested: for if it is attested on
Monday, then our blindness to what the future holds precludes attesting that the prediction is determinate on Tuesday, and
if it is attested on Tuesday (when, suppose, it rains), then the fact that it rains precludes attesting that the prediction
is indeterminate on Monday. In this paper, I focus on Moruzzi and Wright (2009)’s recent development of this objection and argue that it fails. This result removes a major obstacle to defending the Aristotelian
view. 相似文献
878.
Kevin Meeker 《Philosophia》2011,39(2):369-373
W. V. O. Quine’s assault on the analytic/synthetic distinction is one of the most celebrated events in the history of twentieth
century philosophy. This paper shines a light on Quine’s own understanding of the history of this distinction. More specifically,
this paper argues, contrary to what seems to be the received view, that Quine explicitly recognized a kindred subversive spirit
in David Hume. 相似文献
879.
Training context can influence resistance to disruption under differing reinforcement schedules. With nonhumans, when relatively lean and rich reinforcement schedules are experienced in the context of a multiple schedule, greater resistance is found in the rich than the lean component, as described by behavioral momentum theory. By contrast, when the schedules are experienced in separated blocks of sessions (i.e., as single schedules), resistance is not consistently greater in either component. In the current study, two groups of 6 children with intellectual disabilities responded to stimuli presented in relatively lean or rich components. For both, reinforcers were delivered according to the same variable-interval reinforcement schedule; additionally, the rich component included the delivery of response-independent reinforcers. The Within group was trained on a multiple schedule in which lean and rich components alternated regularly within sessions; the Blocked group was trained on two single schedules in which sessions with either the lean or rich schedule were conducted in successive blocks. Disruption tests presented a concurrently available alternative stimulus disrupter signaling the availability of tangible reinforcers. All 6 Within participants showed greater resistance to disruption in the rich component, consistent with behavioral momentum theory. By contrast, there was no consistent or significant difference in resistance for Blocked participants. This finding is potentially relevant to the development of interventions in applied settings, where such interventions often approximate single schedules and include response-independent reinforcers. 相似文献
880.