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21.
Wilfried De Corte Filip Lievens Paul R. Sackett 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2008,16(3):183-194
Previous research on the validity and adverse impact (AI) of predictor composite formation focused on the merits of regression‐based or ad hoc composites. We argue for a broader focus. Ad hoc chosen composites are usually not Pareto‐optimal, whereas the regression‐based composite represents only one element from the total set of Pareto‐optimal composites and can, therefore, provide only limited information on the potential for validity and AI reduction of forming predictor composites when both validity and AI are of concern. In that case, other Pareto‐optimal composites may provide a better benchmark to decide on the merits of the predictor composite formation. We summarize a method to determine the set of Pareto‐optimal composites and apply the method to a representative collection of selection predictors. The application shows that the assessment of the AI and validity of predictor composite formation can differ substantially from the one arrived at when considering only regression‐based composites. 相似文献
22.
According to the Bernese concept of motivational attunement therapists are supposed to offer each patient a custom tailored relationship taking into account the patients’ individual motivational goals. While empirical studies validate the concept, concrete implementation of motivational attunement into practice is not always easy. Therapists have to be able to correctly identify the patients’ motivational goals and attune their behavior to them flexibly. In the following article concrete instructions for therapists are given in order to better realize motivational attunement. 相似文献
23.
Two experiments explored the role of stimulus congruency and goal congruency for the generation of object-oriented actions
with two hands. Participants had to place two objects into either parallel or opposite orientations by carrying out either
symmetrical or asymmetrical forearm rotations. Performance was superior when the required object orientations were identical
rather than different, almost independent of the symmetry of the required arm movements. In extending previous research, goal
congruency effects ensued even under conditions in which congruency of imperative response signals could not have contributed
to goal congruency effects, either because only a single stimulus was used to indicate the required goals in an individual
trial (Experiment 1) or such stimuli were absent at all (Experiment 2). The results thus confirm the importance of goal codes
for the reconcilableness of bimanual actions, and rule out accounts in terms of stimulus-related processes. 相似文献
24.
Wilfried Hinsch 《Metaphilosophy》2001,32(1&2):58-78
The paper discusses the problem of global distributive justice. It proposes to distinguish between principles for the domestic and for the global or intersocietal distribution of wealth. It is argued that there may be a plurality of partly diverging domestic conceptions of distributive justice, not all of which need to be liberal egalitarian conceptions. It is maintained, however, that principles regulating the intersocietal distribution of wealth have to be egalitarian principles. This claim is defended against Rawls's argument in The Law of Peoples that egalitarian principles of distributive justice should not be applied globally. Moreover, it is explained in detail, why Rawls's "duty of assistance to burdened societies" cannot be an appropriate substitute for a global principle of distributive justice. 相似文献
25.
Standardization processes under the aegis of standards bodies in different geographic domains exhibit similar institutional
features, such as the consensus principle in decision making. Nevertheless, among national and regional standardization systems
there are significant differences that primarily refer to different attitudes that actors in the respective domains hold towards
standardization. Furthermore, these differences in attitude are the result of different cultural, socio-economic and even
mental states. Using an institutional approach, this paper argues that the state of standardization system may serve as an
indicator of the respective overall mental, cultural and social-economic states in different domains.
The authors are indebted to Henk de Vries, Rotterdam School of Management, Netherlands Standardization Institute and Tineke
Egyedi and Koen Dittrich, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments and
suggestions. 相似文献
26.
27.
Wilfried Sieg 《Synthese》1990,84(2):259-297
This is a much expanded version of my essay Relative Konsistenz that was written in German and published in Börger (1987). That collection of papers was dedicated to the memory of Professor Dieter Rödding, my first logic teacher. 相似文献
28.
Edwin Rausch Friedrich Hoeth Wilfried Reisse Isolde Meyer 《Psychological research》1965,28(6):598-615
Zusammenfassung Vierergruppen von Vpn arbeiteten in Kommunikationsnetzen, in denen es infolge des Fehlens einer (direkten oder indirekten) Wechselseitigkeit gewisser Verbindungen einigen Vpn — nämlich denjenigen, die ganz bestimmte (ungünstige) Positionen innerhalb des Netzes einnahmen — verwehrt war, die Lösung eines Problems durch Austausch von Informationen zu finden. Den Vpn-Gruppen wurde diese Eigenschaft der Kommunikationssysteme bei Beginn der Versuche nicht mitgeteilt. In einer derartigen Lage suchen jene Vpn den Grund für den unbefriedigenden Informationsaustausch (zumindest zunächst) nicht in der Struktur des Kommunikationsnetzes, sondern unterstellen den anderen Gruppenmitgliedern mangelnde Loyalität oder/und mangelndes Verständnis. Die Folge sind starke affektive Spannungen, die zur Verschlechterung der Kooperation und zur Verringerung der Gruppenleistung führen. Die kognitive Seite des Erlebens der Vpn wurde u. a. mit Hilfe der Begriffe phänomenale Variabilität und phänomenale Konstanz näher analysiert. 相似文献
29.
Wilfried Kunde Joachim Hoffmann 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2000,53(2):537-548
In a visual search task, subjects had to decide which of 2 possible target letters was presented among 12 distractor letters. The 13 characters were arranged to form a global Navon-type letter. The global letter and the local letters (target and distractors) were independently presented in four different viewer-related orientations. When the global letter and the target were frequently congruently oriented, the response times increased with growing orientation disparity between them. This global-target congruency effect was independent from target identity (Experiment 1), and it diminished when global and target orientations were not correlated (Experiment 2). The results indicate that the orientation of the global letter can be deliberately used in order to facilitate the processing of congruently oriented local targets. The alignment of a spatial frame of reference is discussed as the most probable process underlying this facilitation. 相似文献
30.
Robert Wirth Anna Foerster Hannah Rendel Wilfried Kunde Roland Pfister 《Cognition & emotion》2018,32(3):480-493
Rule violations have usually been studied from a third-person perspective, identifying situational factors that render violations more or less likely. A first-person perspective of the agent that actively violates the rules, on the other hand, is only just beginning to emerge. Here we show that committing a rule violation sensitises towards subsequent negative stimuli as well as subsequent authority-related stimuli. In a Prime-Probe design, we used an instructed rule-violation task as the Prime and a word categorisation task as the Probe. Also, we employed a control condition that used a rule inversion task as the Prime (instead of rule violations). Probe targets were categorised faster after a violation relative to after a rule-based response if they related to either, negative valence or authority. Inversions, however, primed only negative stimuli and did not accelerate the categorisation of authority-related stimuli. A heightened sensitivity towards authority-related targets thus seems to be specific to rule violations. A control experiment showed that these effects cannot be explained in terms of semantic priming. Therefore, we propose that rule violations necessarily activate authority-related representations that make rule violations qualitatively different from simple rule inversions. 相似文献