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21.
The current study examined four factors that were expected to influence recognition accuracy of previously retrieved events: remoteness of the event, rated emotionality of the event, the type of changes that were made to the original memory report, and the plausibility of these changes. This was done in a study with 33 participants who were tested for recognition accuracy of original and altered reports a year after they had initially reported these autobiographical memories. Participants evaluated original and altered reports as being authentic or not. High recognition accuracy occurred for report evaluations of events that were recent, that contained central changes, and that had higher emotional intensity ratings. Recognition errors were more likely to occur when the original events were remote and when altered reports contained peripheral and plausible changes. These findings demonstrate the vulnerability of recognition accuracy in older adults under difficult retrieval conditions. 相似文献
22.
Being Admired or Being Liked: Classroom Social Status and Depressive Problems in Early Adolescent Girls and Boys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oldehinkel AJ Rosmalen JG Veenstra R Dijkstra JK Ormel J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(3):417-427
This study investigates associations between depressive problems and classroom social status in a large population cohort of Dutch early adolescents (N = 1046, age 13.52 +/- 0.51, 52.4% girls). Depressive problems were assessed by parent and self-reports and classroom status by peer nominations. We assessed peer status with respect to both achievement-related (being a good learner, being good at sports, being good-looking) and affection-related (being liked, being disliked, being best friend) areas. In boys, depressive problems were most strongly associated with not being good at sports, while in girls the association was strongest for not being liked. The risk of a low status in one area could largely be compensated by a high status in another area. 相似文献
23.
Wijngaards-de Meij L Stroebe M Schut H Stroebe W van den Bout J van der Heijden PG Dijkstra I 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2007,33(4):537-548
The impact of adult attachment on psychological adjustment among bereaved parents and the mediating effect of relationship satisfaction were examined among a sample of 219 couples of parents. Data collection took place 6, 13, and 20 months after loss. Use of the actor partner interdependence model in multilevel regression analysis enabled exploration of both individual as well as partner attachment as predictors of grief and depression. Results indicated that the more insecurely attached parents were (on both avoidance and anxiety attachment), the higher the symptoms of grief and depression. Neither the attachment pattern of the partner nor similarity of attachment within the couple had any influence on psychological adjustment of the parent. Marital satisfaction partially mediated the association of anxious attachment with symptomatology. Contrary to previous research findings, avoidant attachment was associated with high grief intensity. These findings challenge the notion that the avoidantly attached are resilient. 相似文献
24.
21世纪健康城市展望--上海的挑战 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
戴俊明 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2006,27(1):1-3
城市化为更好的生活与健康提供了前景.我们开始注意到由于未持续发展模式所造成的负面影响.全球化快速的变化使许多城市在物资、服务与人口流动上造成了困难,不论他们是旅游人员,农村流动人口,还是被迫离家的群体或难民.未来,保证城市的健康将成为保证整个人类社会健康的关键.为迎接21世纪的挑战,健康城市应提到全球健康的议程中,这一议程可称为"健康的城市化",包括五个行动领域.对于上海来说,这是个很好去参与"健康的城市化"目标的时机. 相似文献
25.
Older and younger participants read sentences about objects and were then shown a picture of an object that either matched or mismatched the implied shape of the object in the sentence. Participants' response times were recorded when they judged whether the object had been mentioned in the sentence. Responses were faster in the shape-matching condition for all participants, but the mismatch effect was stronger for older than for younger adults, even when the larger variability of the older group's response times was controlled for. These results suggest that older adults may construct stronger situation models than younger adults. 相似文献
26.
Allen RS Burgio LD Roth DL Ragsdale R Gerstle J Bourgeois MS Dijkstra K Teri L 《Psychology and aging》2003,18(4):886-895
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist--Nursing Home (RMBPC) replicated the factor structure of the community-based RMBPC (L. Teri et al., 1992). The reliability of the total score was high as indexed by estimates of internal consistency (alpha = .95), test-retest reliability (r = .86), and interrater reliability between 2 interviewers (r = .88). Notably, the interrater reliability between 2 independent certified nursing assistants (CNAs) regarding residents' behavior problem frequency was more modest (r = .46), possibly reflecting the degree to which resident behaviors capture individual CNA's attention. This may have implications for the interpretation of data from the Minimum Data Set. CNAs reported moderately severe burden associated with behavior problems in 47% of residents under their care. 相似文献
27.
The Effect of Target's Physical Attractiveness and Dominance on STD-Risk Perceptions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pieternel Dijkstra Bram P. Buunk Hart Blanton 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(8):1738-1755
Utilizing a 2 × 2 design, the present study examined the effect of a female's physical attractiveness and dominance on men's sexual motivation and sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk perceptions in a sample of 72 heterosexual male college students. As predicted. participants were more motivated to have sex with more physically attractive women. Nonetheless, they also believed that the more physically attractive women had been more promiscuous in the past, and believed that unprotected sex with a physically attractive woman implied a relatively somewhat higher risk of contracting an STD. In contrast, the more socially dominant women were perceived as having practiced safer sex more regularly and as having had less risky sexual partners in the past. Practical implications of this study are discussed. 相似文献
28.
In three experiments, we studied the influence of foreign language knowledge on native language performance in an exclusively
native language context. Trilinguals with Dutch as their native and dominant language (L1), English as their second language
(L2), and French as their third language (L3) performed a word association task (Experiment 1) or a lexical decision task
(Experiments 2 and 3) in L1. The L1 stimulus words were cognates with their translations in English, cognates with their translations
in French, or were noncognates. In Experiments 1 and 2 with trilinguals who were highly proficient in English and relatively
low in proficiency in French, we observed shorter word association and lexical decision times to the L1 words that were cognates
with English than to the noncognates. In these relatively low-proficiency French speakers, response times (RTs) for the L1
words that were cognates with French did not differ from those for the noncognates. In Experiment 3, we tested Dutch-English-
French trilinguals with a higher level of fluency in French (i.e., equally fluent in English and in French). We now observed
faster responses on the L1 words that were cognates with French than on the noncognates. Lexical decision times to the cognates
with English were also shorter than those to the noncognates. The results indicate that words presented in the dominant language,
to naive participants, activate information in the nontarget, and weaker, language in parallel, implying that the multilinguals’
processing system is profoundly nonselective with respect to language. A minimal level of nontarget language fluency seems
to be required, however, before any weaker language effects become noticeable in L1 processing. 相似文献
29.
30.
Lidewij W. Niezink Frans W. Siero Pieternel Dijkstra Abraham P. Buunk Dick P. H. Barelds 《Motivation and emotion》2012,36(4):544-549
The present research proposes that empathic concern, as assessed by six items of the ERQ, consists of two separate emotions, i.e., tenderness and sympathy. To test this assumption, nine studies were conducted among, in total, 1,273 participants. In these studies participants were presented with a hypothetical scenario of someone in need, after which empathic concern was assessed. Factor analyses showed that, indeed, the ERQ items that assess empathic concern can be split up in two factors, that is, one reflecting sympathy and one reflecting tenderness. In addition, in line with previous studies, our research showed that, in response to a need-situation that reflects current needs, individuals scored higher on the ERQ factor reflecting sympathy than on the ERQ factor reflecting tenderness. Findings are discussed in terms of the practical and theoretical implications of distinguishing between sympathy and tenderness. 相似文献