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61.
An overall assessment of phobic fear requires not only a verbal self-report of fear but also an assessment of behavioral and physiological responses. Virtual reality can be used to simulate realistic (phobic) situations and therefore should be useful for inducing emotions in a controlled, standardized way. Verbal and physiological fear reactions were examined in 15 highly tunnel-fearful and 15 matched control participants in 3 virtual driving scenarios: an open environment, a partially open tunnel (gallery), and a closed tunnel. Highly tunnel-fearful participants were characterized by elevated fear responses specifically during tunnel drives as reflected in verbal fear ratings, heart rate reactions, and startle responses. Heart rate and fear ratings differentiated highly tunnel-fearful from control participants with an accuracy of 88% and 93%, respectively. Results indicate that virtual environments are valuable tools for the assessment of fear reactions and should be used in future experimental research. 相似文献
62.
Scott JC Woods SP Matt GE Meyer RA Heaton RK Atkinson JH Grant I 《Neuropsychology review》2007,17(3):275-297
This review provides a critical analysis of the central nervous system effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine (MA) use,
which is linked to numerous adverse psychosocial, neuropsychiatric, and medical problems. A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological
effects of MA abuse/dependence revealed broadly medium effect sizes, showing deficits in episodic memory, executive functions,
information processing speed, motor skills, language, and visuoconstructional abilities. The neuropsychological deficits associated
with MA abuse/dependence are interpreted with regard to their possible neural mechanisms, most notably MA-associated frontostriatal
neurotoxicity. In addition, potential explanatory factors are considered, including demographics (e.g., gender), MA use characteristics
(e.g., duration of abstinence), and the influence of common psychiatric (e.g., other substance-related disorders) and neuromedical
(e.g., HIV infection) comorbidities. Finally, these findings are discussed with respect to their potential contribution to
the clinical management of persons with MA abuse/dependence. 相似文献
63.
64.
Susanne Prüß Sven Speerforck Johannes Bahlmann Harald J. Freyberger Georg Schomerus 《Psychotherapeut》2014,59(4):275-282
Background
In the last decades much has been found out about the stigmatization of persons with mental illnesses. Recently, a potential stigmatization of psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapy has been debated.Aim
The question should be answered whether there is any scientific evidence for stigmatization of psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapy by using the conceptualization of stigma as brought forward by Link and Phelan (Ann Rev Sociol 2001; 27:363–385).Material and methods
For the systematic literature search in 2013 a databank search was carried out in Web of Science using the search terms stigma or discrimination or stereotypes or prejudice AND psychiatrist or psychotherapist or psychotherapy or mental health professional. A total of 2013 publications were identified which were systematically arranged according to the title and abstract with respect to the relevance for the question whether psychotherapy or associated professional groups are stigmatized. Only four of the articles were considered to be relevant. After advice from experts six further relevant articles could be found which did not appear in the databank search.Results
The review found evidence for both positive and negative stereotypes but not for other components of the stigmatization process.Conclusion
At present there is no evidence for a stigma related to psychotherapy or to the professions of psychotherapists and psychiatrists. 相似文献65.
66.
Hanns Georg Hartgenbusch 《Psychological research》1933,18(1):251-285
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Anmerkung des Herausgebers: Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit habilitierte sich der Verfasser im Winter 1926 in der philosophischen Fakult?t der Universit?t
Gie?en, w?hrend ich auf Urlaub in Amerika war. Unmittelbar nach der Habilitation brach bei ihm ein erbliches Leiden aus, das
bald darauf seine v?llige Erblindung zur Folge hatte und nach wenigen Jahren seinem Leben ein Ende bereitete. Als ich im Sommer
1927 nach Gie?en kam, konnte ich nichts über den Verbleib des Manuskriptes erfahren, auch der Verfasser, mit dem ich einige
Briefe wechselte, wu?te nichts mehr darüber zu sagen. Da? ich schlie?lich in den Besitz des Manuskriptes gekommen bin, veranke
ich dem jetzigen Vorstand des psychologischen Institutes der Universit?t Gie?en, Herrn KollegenSander, mit dem ich die Angelegenheit auf dem letzten internationalen Kongre? in Kopenhagen besprach. — Es war mir ein Bedürfnis,
meinem allzu früh verstorbenen Assistenten und Freund eine letzte Ehrung dadurch zu erweisen, da? ich seine letzte Arbeit
zur Ver?ffentlichung bringe. Problem, Methode und Ausarbeitung sind sein Werk. Inzwischen hatF. C. Bartlett (Remembering, Cambridge 1932) ?hnliche, noch früher angestellte Versuche ver?ffentlicht, die dem Verfasser natürlich unbekannt
waren und daher in seiner Arbeit nicht erw?hnt sein k?nnen. 相似文献
67.
Georg Katona 《Psychological research》1927,9(1):159-162
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Mit 6 Abbildungen im Text. 相似文献
68.
Dr. Georg Schwab 《Psychological research》1924,5(1):321-339
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
69.
Sverker Sikström Johan Hellman Mats Dahl Georg Stenberg Marcus Johansson 《Cognitive processing》2018,19(4):481-494
We present the generalized signal detection theory (GSDT), where familiarity is described by a sparse binomial distribution of binary node activity rather than by normal distribution of familiarity. Items are presented in a distributed representation, where each node receives either noise only, or signal and noise. An old response (i.e., a “yes” response) is made if at least one node receives signal plus noise that is larger than the activation threshold, and item variability is determined by the distribution of activated nodes as the threshold is varied. A distinct representation leads to better performance and a lower ratio of new to old item variability, than a more distributed and less distinct representations. Here we apply the GSDT to empirical data on verbal and olfactory memory and suggest that verbal memory relies on a distinct neural item representation, whereas olfactory memory has a fuzzy neural representation leading to poorer memory and inducing a larger ratio of new to old item variability. 相似文献
70.