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41.
The present study provides the first known systematic examination of the association of hookup culture endorsement and rape myth acceptance. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test the primary hypothesis that hookup culture endorsement would be the primary predictor of rape myth acceptance levels among a sample of 422 U.S. college students. Findings indicated the existence of a complex relationship in which rape myth acceptance increases or decreases based upon the form of hookup culture endorsement examined. Beliefs that hookups are harmless and elevate social status increased rape myth acceptance, whereas beliefs that hookups express sexual freedom decreased rape myth acceptance. Furthermore, results supported the hypothesis that hookup culture endorsement was the largest predictor of rape myth acceptance. Consistent with previous studies, the predictive power of gender and religiosity in determining levels of rape myth acceptance were shown to be significant. When controlling for levels of hookup culture endorsement, the explanatory power of these variables decreased, and hookup culture endorsement had the largest effect upon rape myth acceptance levels. 相似文献
42.
Woud ML Fitzgerald DA Wiers RW Rinck M Becker ES 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2012,26(3):627-632
Alcohol misuse is characterized by patterns of selective information processing. The present study investigated whether heavy- compared with light-drinking students, show evidence of an alcohol-related interpretation bias to ambiguous, alcohol-related cues. Toward this aim, participants were asked to create continuations for ambiguous, open-ended scenarios that provided either an alcohol-related or neutral context. Results showed that heavy-drinking students generated more alcohol continuations for ambiguous alcohol-related scenarios than light-drinking students. This result was independent of the coding method used, with an interpretation bias found when continuations were coded by either participants themselves or by two independent raters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
43.
Vaishali V. Raval Pratiksha H. Raval Stephen P. Becker 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(2):320-330
Cultural influences in the experience and expression of emotions have been widely recognized, although systematic studies
of emotion-related beliefs in culturally diverse families have been scarce. The purpose of the present exploratory study was
to examine beliefs about anger among a group of adolescent male offenders in India temporarily residing in a pre-sentencing
institution. In particular, adolescent offenders (n = 14) were individually interviewed about their beliefs concerning causes and concomitants of, and behavioral responses to,
one’s own and others’ anger, as well as family patterns of anger expression that are crucial in understanding socialization
processes. Although some of the themes reflected in their narratives parallel the beliefs of educated, middle-class, non-offender
youth in India (e.g., social inappropriateness of anger), as well as those of offenders in other parts of the world (e.g.,
aggressive behavior as a common response to anger), beliefs about various aspects of anger specific to this subculture of
offender youth also emerged. In particular, perceived violations of family honor were cited as the most common elicitors of
anger, and although anger was considered ‘bad’ it was expressed through aggression. The findings of this study highlight the
need to develop a culturally informed theory of emotions, and relatedly, to develop culturally sensitive interventions for
anger management that can be incorporated as a part of rehabilitation efforts for offender youth in India. 相似文献
44.
Schneider D Bayliss AP Becker SI Dux PE 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2012,141(3):433-438
The ability to attribute mental states to others is crucial for social competency. To assess mentalizing abilities, in false-belief tasks participants attempt to identify an actor's belief about an object's location as opposed to the object's actual location. Passing this test on explicit measures is typically achieved by 4 years of age, but recent eye movement studies reveal registration of others' beliefs by 7 to 15 months. Consequently, a 2-path mentalizing system has been proposed, consisting of a late developing, cognitively demanding component and an early developing, implicit/automatic component. To date, investigations on the implicit system have been based on single-trial experiments only or have not examined how it operates across time. In addition, no study has examined the extent to which participants are conscious of the belief states of others during these tasks. Thus, the existence of a distinct implicit mentalizing system is yet to be demonstrated definitively. Here we show that adults engaged in a primary unrelated task display eye movement patterns consistent with mental state attributions across a sustained temporal period. Debriefing supported the hypothesis that this mentalizing was implicit. It appears there indeed exists a distinct implicit mental state attribution system. 相似文献
45.
Gore WL Presnall JR Miller JD Lynam DR Widiger TA 《Journal of personality assessment》2012,94(5):488-499
This study provides convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity data for a new measure of dependent personality traits from the perspective of the five-factor model (FFM). Dependent personality trait scales were constructed as maladaptive variants of FFM facets (e.g., Gullibility as a maladaptive variant of FFM trust). Based on responses from 383 undergraduates, the convergent validity of the Five-Factor Dependency Inventory (FFDI) scales was tested with respect to 2 measures of the FFM, 6 dependency trait scales, and 4 measures of dependent personality disorder. Discriminant validity was tested with respect to FFM facets from alternative domains. Incremental validity was tested with respect to the ability of the FFM dependent personality trait scales to account for variance in 2 established measures of dependency, after variance accounted for by respective FFM facet scales and other measures of DPD was first removed. The results of this study provided support for the validity of the FFDI assessment of dependency from the perspective of the FFM. 相似文献
46.
This study examined the proportion of people who held ambivalent versus univalent sexist attitudes, that is, those who simultaneously endorsed benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS). We examined this by capitalizing on recent innovations in latent class analysis to model latent types of sexists, or response profiles to BS and HS, in a nationally representative New Zealand sample (n = 6450). Our results show, for the first time, that by far, the most common pattern was for people to hold similar levels of BS and HS. Strongly ambivalent sexists, however, constituted only 8%–9% of the population. Most were classified as mild or moderate ambivalent sexists (28% and 44%, respectively). Univalent sexism was exceedingly rare, with between 2% and 5% of people solely endorsing HS but not BS, or BS but not HS. We validated the model by showing theoretically predicted differences across sexist types in demographics (gender, age), ideology (social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism), and relationship satisfaction. Strongly ambivalent sexists also held the highest levels of gender‐specific system justification, invariant of gender. This provides novel evidence for the premise that strong sexist ambivalence promotes support for and faith in the patriarchical system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
47.
Becker SP Luebbe AM Stoppelbein L Greening L Fite PJ 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(4):527-542
Competing hypotheses for explaining the role of anxiety in the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
symptoms and childhood aggression were evaluated. Two studies tested whether anxiety exacerbated, attenuated, or had no effect
on the relation between ADHD and aggression subtypes among psychiatrically hospitalized children. In Study 1 (N = 99), children who scored above clinical cut-off levels for anxiety only, ADHD only, and co-occurring ADHD and anxiety were
compared on aggression subtypes (i.e., reactive, proactive, overt, and relational aggression). In Study 2, the moderating
role of anxiety on the relation between ADHD and aggression subtypes was examined with a larger sample (N = 265) and with continuous variables. No support was found for either the attenuation or exacerbation hypothesis, and results
remained consistent when separately examining hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention symptoms of ADHD. Although ADHD symptoms
were significantly associated with all aggression subtypes, this association did not remain when including symptoms of oppositional
defiant disorder. 相似文献
48.
49.
Dvorsky Melissa R. Breaux Rosanna Cusick Caroline N. Fredrick Joseph W. Green Cathrin Steinberg Amanda Langberg Joshua M. Sciberras Emma Becker Stephen P. 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(5):605-619
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Understanding factors that foster resilience and buffer against the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 is critical to inform efforts to... 相似文献
50.
Fredrick Joseph W. Langberg Joshua M. Becker Stephen P. 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(6):809-822
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - It is unknown whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is prospectively associated with depression in adolescence, and possible processes linking... 相似文献