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21.
The authors argue that the meaning through syntax (MTS) model proposed by G. McKoon and R. Ratcliff fails to account for the comprehension of sentences with reduced relative clauses. First, the theory's core assumptions regarding verb-based event representations and how they link to constructions are incompatible with well-established analyses from the lexical semantics literature. Second, the MTS theory provides neither a principled nor a consistent account for why some reduced relatives are hard whereas others are easy. Finally, McKoon and Ratcliff's critique of constraint-based models is flawed in that sometimes they tested a nonexistent theory and sometimes they provided evidence for the constraint-based models against which they were arguing. 相似文献
22.
Semantic features have provided insight into numerous behavioral phenomena concerning concepts, categorization, and semantic
memory in adults, children, and neuropsychological populations. Numerous theories and models in these areas are based on representations
and computations involving semantic features. Consequently, empirically derived semantic feature production norms have played,
and continue to play, a highly useful role in these domains. This article describes a set of feature norms collected from
approximately 725 participants for 541 living (dog) and nonliving (chair) basic-level concepts, the largest such set of norms developed to date. This article describes the norms and numerous statistics
associated with them. Our aim is to make these norms available to facilitate other research, while obviating the need to repeat
the labor-intensive methods involved in collecting and analyzing such norms. The full set of norms may be downloaded from
www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
23.
Ken Liberman 《Human Studies》1980,3(1):65-85
A: Excuse me, but we're just trying to find the right bus that takes us to the boat for Upolu. We were told that it stops
here in front of the village store, but we've been waiting since 9 o'clock this morning and we'd like to know if there is
going to be a bus before this evening or if we'll have to wait until tomorrow for a bus.
I: Yes. 相似文献
24.
Dadds MR Whiting C Bunn P Fraser JA Charlson JH Pirola-Merlo A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2004,32(3):321-334
Cruelty to animals may be a particularly pernicious aspect of problematic child development. Progress in understanding the development of the problem is limited due to the complex nature of cruelty as a construct, and limitations with current assessment measures. The Children and Animals Inventory (CAI) was developed as a brief self- and parent-report measure of F. R. Ascione's (1993) 9 parameters of cruelty. The CAI emerged as a reliable, stable, and readily utilized measure of cruelty using parent and child reports. Children (especially the older children) reported higher rates of cruelty than their parents and boys reported more cruelty than girls. Self- and parent-reports showed good convergence with independent observations of cruelty versus nurturance during free interactions with domestic animals. The results indicate that cruelty to animals can be reliably measured using brief child and parent report measures. 相似文献
25.
When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent, at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collision--ie we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception. Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation. This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect the perception of other spatial properties. 相似文献
26.
Since 1915, statisticians have been applying Fisher'sZ-transformation to Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. We offer new geometric interpretations of this transformation. 相似文献
27.
Long-term memory survives nerve injury and the subsequent regeneration process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Lukowiak K Haque Z Spencer G Varshay N Sangha S Syed N 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2003,10(1):44-54
A three-neuron network (a central pattern generator [CPG]) is both sufficient and necessary to generate aerial respiratory behavior in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Aerial respiratory behavior is abolished following a specific nerve crush that results in axotomy to one of the three CPG neurons, RPeD1. Functional regeneration of the crushed neurite occurs within 10 days, allowing aerial respiratory behavior to be restored. Functional regeneration does not occur if the connective is cut rather than crushed. In unaxotomized snails, aerial respiratory behavior can be operantly conditioned, and following memory consolidation, long-term memory (LTM) persists for at least 2 weeks. We used the Lymnaea model system to determine (1) If in naive animals axotomy and the subsequent regeneration result in a nervous system that is competent to mediate associative learning and LTM, and (2) if LTM survives RPeD1 axotomy and the subsequent regenerative process. We show here that (1) A regenerated nervous system is competent to mediate associative memory and LTM, and (2) LTM survives axotomy and the subsequent regenerative process. 相似文献
28.
29.
Ken Cheng 《Animal cognition》1999,2(2):73-78
Honeybees were trained to find sugar water in the middle of an array of two landmarks of different colours. Unrewarded tests
compared searching on the training array with searching on rotated arrays. On rotated tests, a system using the angles between
landmarks would continue to search in the middle. A system using vectors to individual elements would search at locations
outside the rotated array at which the distances and compass directions to a subset of landmarks matched. Results indicated
that bees used both elements and interlandmark angles, but they relied most on one favourite landmark element. Results support
the template model of landmark use in honeybees, with the minor parametric modification that weights given to different elements
may be unequal.
Received:6 July 1998 / Accepted after revision:7 December 1998 相似文献
30.
Elementary school is a transitional and impressionable period for any child. In inclusive classroom settings, children with disabilities may experience the challenges of acceptance and integration into peer relationships. The experience of children with disabilities in such classrooms can be positive if their classmates are accepting and open. One way to encourage these attitudes is by increasing awareness through disability-simulation. This study evaluates an existing school program, whose goal is to increase acceptance of others with disability. We surveyed students to assess the influence of the program. An adapted acceptance scale was distributed to students before and after participation in the program. Our hypothesis was that student acceptance would increase after participating in the program. Additionally, we hypothesized that physical, visual, and auditory disabilities would be easier for students to understand, making acceptance scores for these disabilities higher than those for a learning disability. We report changes in acceptance using group means. Our results reveal that post-survey responses showed higher acceptance than pre-survey responses, especially for auditory disabilities. Other significant findings include differences in attitudes between the two schools and differences based on prior experience with someone with a disability. By evaluating the effectiveness of this type of program (whose efficacy has been controversial in the literature), this study can provide teachers, administrators, genetic counselors, and parents with a better idea of how to address children’s attitudes towards peers. In our study, the effectiveness of promoting understanding through disability-simulation has proven its worth to improve children’s acceptance. 相似文献