Validity of the Overcontrolled-Hostility (O-H) Scale: a brief report.

In order to further assess the validity of the MMPI O-H (overcontrolled hostility) Scale, high and low O-H youthful offenders were administered the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study and their responses classified as extrapunitive, impunitive or intropunitive. Results indicated that high O-H subjects were significantly more impunitive than low O-H subjects and conversely, that low O-H subjects were more extrapunitive than high O-H subjects. Such findings are consistent with the O-H personality typology and lend further support to the construct validity of the Scale.     

Effects of interpolating a secondary task during the intertrial interval of a concept identification problem

Several tasks were interpolated during the intertrial interval (ITI) of a concept identification (CI) task. In Experiment I, 234 subjects were required to count backwards by threes, emit a sibilant, or to refrain from thinking after all responses, after correct responses, or after errors. Counting backwards interfered with performance, but only if it occurred after errors. Stimulus and feedback information was either withheld, as in Experiment I, or made available during the ITI in Experiment II. Results of the data from 280 subjects indicated that counting backwards interfered with performance only when interpolated after errors, when stimulus-feedback information was withheld, but had an equivalent effect after errors and correct responses when stimulus-feedback information was available during ITI, indicating that different strategies were induced by the presence of such information.     

Wholistic prayer

The author has experimented with an approach to prayer in which he draws on insights and methods from contemporary psychotherapy. He calls his approach wholistic prayer and defines it as the movement, the lifting up, of the person-body, heart, mind, and will-towards God. He characterizes wholistic prayer, discusses problems associated with its practice, describes its stages, and illustrates the use of dreams. He provides clinical data from participants in classes on prayer and from his own experience.He teaches classes in prayer both in the parish and in the Logos Institute of Chicago Theological Seminary.     

Memory colors in afterimages: A bicentennial demonstration

Six observers adjusted a colorimeter to match afterimages that resembled either a red, white, and blue American flag or a simple striped pattern. They matched the afterimages of stripes in a flag pattern as redder than afterimages of the same stripes in a simple striped pattern. The results suggest that the apparent color of an afterimage depends on memory color.     

When a bystander becomes an accomplice: Situational determinants of reactions to dishonesty

In a series of experiments, undergraduates (N = 288) performed a task with a confederate who subsequently lied about his or her performance in order to obtain a cash bonus. The probability of bystanders' reporting the dishonesty and refusing to sign a document attesting to the confederate's score was differentially affected by situational factors and sex of the bystander, wrongdoer, and authority figure. Bystanders were most apt to report the misdeed when they were competing against rather than working either independently or cooperatively with the culprit, at least when the bonus was provided by a large corporation. In addition, females were more likely than males to report when the victim was another person rather than either a corporation or the bystander himself, and both sexes were more apt to report a female wrongdoer than a male one. Persons who initially reported the misdeed were less likely to become active accomplices than were those who failed to report it. Furthermore, less written verification of the falsehood occurred when (a) nonreporters were performing independently rather than either competing against or working cooperatively with the culprit for the bonus, and (b) a male was in an immediate position of authority.     

On some ascending chains of brouwerian modal logics

This paper specifies classes of framesmaximally omnitemporally characteristic for Thomas' normal modal logicT ₂ ⁺ and for each logic in the ascending chain of Segerberg logics investigated by Segerberg and Hughes and Cresswell. It is shown that distinct a,scending chains of generalized Segerberg logics can be constructed from eachT _n ⁺ logic (n 2). The set containing allT _n ⁺ and Segerberg logics can be totally- (linearly-) ordered but not well-ordered by the inclusion relation. The order type of this ordered set is ^*( + 1). Throughout the paper my approach is fundamentally semantical.I should like to thank Professor G. E. Hughes for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.