Sensory features and the reduction of imaginal interference

Interference generated among the sensory features of PA stimulus words is not eliminated by processing at the imaginal level. This experiment was planned to test the reverse possibility. Will interference generated by similar imaginal referents be eliminated by sensory overlap between the stimuli and their responses? Thus, stimulus words did or did not evoke similar images, pairs did or did not share initial letters, and lists were acquired either under an instructional set t o form interacting images or to repeat the items aloud. The results indicated that the imagery strategy was superior to the repetition strategy in all conditions, and that stimulus interference was statistically eliminated when pairs shared the same initial letters. The findings were interpreted as consistent with a levels of processing conceptualization.     

Reduction of kindergarten children's disruptive behavior with delayed feedback and delayed contingent access to play

After measuring the amount of disruptive behavior exhibited by nine kindergarten children in a lunchroom, delayed feedback about the disruptive behaviors engaged in was given to each child after he left the lunchroom, but there were no additional differential consequences for any behaviors. This delayed feedback alone had little effect on the rates of disruptive behavior. When the delayed feedback was paired with contingent access to play, the rates of disruptive behaviors of six of the children was substantially reduced. A more elaborate form of feedback, still paired with contingent access to play, was later found to be effective in reducing the rates of disruptive behavior of the other three children. When contingencies and feedback were removed, the rates of disruptive behavior of the three children who required the extended feedback increased, but the rates of disruptive behavior for the other six children did not increase upon termination of contingencies and feedback. However, when disruptive behavior was differentially reinforced, the rates of disruptive behavior of all of the children increased.     

Related attributes in the choice of comparison others: It's there,but it isn't all there is

Subjects within a group of nine were supposedly given different amounts of practice prior to taking a test on which performance was either related or unrelated to practice. After taking the test, each subject was given his score, his rank order in the group, and the amount of practice presumably done by each of the other group members. The subject was then given a choice of which performance score he would like to know; a second choice was also given. On both first and second choices, subjects in the related condition were more likely to choose to see the scores of others with the same amount of practice. Related condition subjects were more interested in their comparison choices and thought they had done better on the task than unrelated subjects. In addition to this confirmation of the related attributes hypothesis, there was a significant tendency toward comparison on the basis of similarity of performance per se and a significant tendency toward upward comparison.     

Emergency Care for the Young Child

Emergency shelter care has only recently received special attention from counseling and social work professionals, although the concept originated many years ago. The article describes the Holmgreen Memorial Children's Shelter in San Antonio, Texas, which is unique, not only in the number of years it has existed, but also in the services provided and the number and ages of children served.     

The University of South Florida homograph norms

Norms were collected to determine the relative dominance of different meanings of homo-graphic words. Forty-six subjects wrote down the first word that came to mind for each of 320 homographs. Each homograph, the number of times each meaning was given, and the specific associates are made available. In addition, correlations with other norms are presented.     

A gender-based measurement invariance study of the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3

The current study sought to explore the measurement invariance of the SATAQ-3 across gender using a single mixed gender sample consisting of 122 men and 268 women. Participants' age ranged from 18 to 36 years (M=19.6, SD=1.9). Preliminary results indicate that the 28 item scale was a poor fit for either gender in the current sample. Reverse scored items were deleted as they formed a unique method factor with low factor loadings. The resulting 21 items were a good fit to the hypothesized four factor model for both males and females and established evidence of both strict factorial invariance and population heterogeneity across groups. Coefficient alpha estimates of internal consistency reliability ranged from .79 to .94. These findings support use of the SATAQ-3 in mixed gender samples and validate previous research that reported analysis of gender-based mean differences.