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11.
PETR MACEK LÍDA OSECK LUBOMÍR KOSTRO 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1997,7(1):65-76
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a general legislative framework for democratic societies. Studying the social representations of these basic human rights helps to explain how people understand and assess the basic rights and how these rights relate to everyday life. Over 400 Czech university students rated the 30 articles of the Declaration of Human Rights on various scales (degree of understanding, personal relevance, consequences for individual responsibility, for government, political parties, etc.). A semantic space was identified in which concepts (i.e. the Articles of the Declaration) could be located. A typology (clusters) of articles was then established within that semantic space. A factor analysis of the scales resulted in a two-dimensional solution (‘positive attitude’ and ‘personal influence’). Five clusters of assessed articles were identified within this semantic space. (© 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.) 相似文献
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Identification deficits were investigated in F.S., a patient with herpes simplex viral encephalitis. F.S.'s confrontation naming abilities were assessed for multiple repetitions of 12 line drawings of artifacts. Six of the line drawings consisted of psychologically "close" objects (i.e., objects that share many visual and semantic features with other objects) and 6 were psychologically "disparate" objects (i.e., objects that share few, if any, visual and semantic features with other objects). F.S. correctly named all of the objects from the "disparate" category but only 47% of the objects from the "close" category. We also tested F.S. using novel, computer-generated shapes that were paired with artifact labels. We paired semantically close or disparate labels to shapes and F.S. attempted to learn these pairings. Overall, F.S.'s shape-label confusions were most detrimentally affected when we used labels that referred to objects that were visually close and semantically distinct. Results indicate that, at least for our patient, visual similarity contributed the most to his identification errors. 相似文献
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Sixteen right-handed male adults performed a pointing task without vision. The participant's arm was moved passively to one of four targets which was subsequently pointed to following a delay of 1, 2, or 10 s. Our previous research on visual memory for target location showed a rapid decay which was comparable for both hands. The present study of memory for kinesthetic target location found decay for the left hand only. These findings suggest two memory stores for target location information, one visual which decays over time but is accessible to both hands and another based on kinesthetic information which is more stable and limb specific. 相似文献
14.
This study explores culture's effect on behaviors and outcomes in intercultural negotiation and examines how those effects are moderated by role. Eighty U.S. and international students took part in a previously developed negotiation task (Pruitt, 1981) and completed Hui and Triandis's (1986) individualism‐collectivism (INDCOL) scale. Negotiation interactions were coded for information sharing, offers, and distributive tactics. Findings show that a negotiation dyad's collectivism is positively associated with higher joint profit. The effects of culture on both communication behaviors and joint outcomes, however, differ by role of the negotiator. In particular, seller collectivism has larger and more consistent effects on communication behavior and joint profit than buyer collectivism. Results support a ‘culture in context’ perspective of negotiation that takes into account negotiator qualities, contextual and structural features of the negotiation, and mediating processes in addition to cultural values. 相似文献
15.
FILIPE CARREIRA DA SILVA MARTA BUCHOLC 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2016,52(4):392-407
This paper proposes a new approach to the study of sociological classics. This approach is pragmatic in character. It draws upon the social pragmatism of G. H. Mead and the sociology of texts of D. F. McKenzie. Our object of study is Norbert Elias's On the Process of Civilization. The pragmatic genealogy of this book reveals the importance of taking materiality seriously. By documenting the successive entanglements between human agency and nonhuman factors, we discuss the origins of the book in the 1930s, how it was forgotten for 30 years, and how in the mid‐1970s it became a sociological classic. We explain canonization as a matter of fusion between book's material form and its content, in the context of the paperback revolution of the 1960s, the events of May 1968, and the demise of Parsons’ structural functionalism, and how this provided Elias with an opportunity to advance his model of sociology. 相似文献
16.
患者知情同意权实现的伦理思考与法律保护 总被引:28,自引:5,他引:23
随着医学科学的发展,患者的知情同意已是医学实践的一个基本伦理观念和原则,但是,它的实现不仅需要道德规范的约束,而且还需要法律的保护. 相似文献
17.
Westwood DA Schweizer TA Heath MD Roy EA Dixon MJ Black SE 《Brain and cognition》2001,46(1-2):300-304
The production of transitive limb gestures is optimized when the appropriate tool can be physically manipulated. Little research has addressed the independent contributions of visual and nonvisual sources of sensory information to this phenomenon. In this study, 12 control, 37 LHD, and 50 RHD stroke patients performed transitive limb gestures to pantomime (to verbal command with the object visible) and object manipulation. Performance was more accurate in the object manipulation condition, suggesting that haptic and kinesthetic cues are important for transitive gesture production. Various patterns of performance were observed in the stroke groups, indicating that selective damage to the haptic/kinesthetic processing system is possible and common following unilateral stroke. 相似文献
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Heather Westwood William Mandy Mima Simic Kate Tchanturia 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(1):183-192
The aim of this study was to use standardised, clinical assessment tools to explore the presence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms in a sample of adolescent females with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), receiving either day-patient or inpatient treatment for their eating disorder and to determine whether any such symptoms were present during the early developmental period, a requirement for a diagnosis of ASD. Using a cross-sectional design, 40 females aged between 12 and 18 were recruited from inpatient and day-patient eating disorder services. All participants had a diagnosis of AN and were assessed for symptoms of ASD using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2). If participants scored at or above clinical cut-off on the ADOS-2, their parents were asked to complete the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview, short version (3Di-sv). Of the 40 participants assessed, 21 scored above cut-off on the ADOS-2. When developmental history was obtained, only four participants scored above cut-off on all sub-scales of the 3Di-sv, thus meeting full research criteria for ASD. This study suggests that 10% of adolescents with AN from inpatient or day-patient settings may have diagnosable ASD, while a further 40% may show symptoms of ASD, which may arise from the ill-state of AN or are not supported by parental report. 相似文献
20.
The authors investigated whether the early or later stages of closed-loop (CL) and open-loop (OL) grasping movements were differentially influenced by the Müller-Lyer (ML) illusion. Participants (N = 21) reached out and grasped small (5 cm) and large (7 cm) objects embedded within fins-in and fins-out ML configurations. Grasping time (GT) was normalized, and absolute grip aperture (GA) as well as scaled illusion effects were computed at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of GT. The results indicated that CL trials were refractory to the illusory array (i.e., from 20% to 80% of GT), whereas OL trials were influenced by the ML figure during that same time. Those findings suggest that CL trials were supported by unitary and metrical visual information, whereas OL trials were entirely supported by perception-based visual information. 相似文献