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941.
Neil D. Christiansen Jay E. Janovics Brian P. Siers 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(1):87-101
Two studies examined aspects of the validity of self‐report and performance‐based measures of emotional intelligence (EI) relevant to their use in personnel selection. In Study 1, structural equation modeling indicated that a two‐factor model with separate factors for the two types of EI measures fit better than a one‐factor solution. The performance‐based EI factor was more related to cognitive ability (R=.38) than personality (R=.26), whereas the self‐report EI factor was more related to personality (R=.85) than cognitive ability (R=.09). Although the performance‐based EI factor correlated more strongly with job performance (ρ=.24) than did that of the self‐report (ρ=.05), it provided little incremental validity beyond cognitive ability and conscientiousness. In Study 2, participants were asked to complete the measures as if applying for a job, and mean scores were then compared with those of Study 1. Results indicated that self‐report EI measures were more vulnerable to distortion than were the performance‐based measures. Implications for the assessment of EI in personnel selection contexts are discussed. 相似文献
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943.
Megan Benoit Ratcliff Ronald L. Blount Laura L. Mee 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(2):116-124
The aim of the present study was to assess adolescent renal transplant recipients’ perceived adversity (PA) for various aspects
of living with a transplant, including its association with coping and medication non-adherence, from a theoretical perspective.
Thirty-three adolescent renal transplant recipients were interviewed using structured questionnaires and medical record reviews.
Health care provider ratings of adversity were also collected. Participants reported moderate levels of PA, with those who
received a transplant at an older age reporting more adversity on several domains and girls reporting more adversity for missing
school. Ratings of adversity for specific aspects of living with a transplant differed depending on age and medical factors
and were related to specific coping strategies and measures of non-adherence. Consistent with the Self-Regulation Model, perceived
consequences (represented as PA) appears to be related to coping and illness outcomes. Assessing PA and teaching appropriate
coping strategies may yield better medical outcomes among this at-risk population. 相似文献
944.
Prejudice has been studied as a function of personality and situation, but there has been little integration of these 2 domains. Our model suggests that people who are especially open and agreeable are more likely to initiate intergroup contact and interpret contact experiences favorably. Such experiences lead to positive intergroup attitudes. To test this mediation hypothesis, participants ( N = 163) completed a measure of (a) the Big Five personality traits, (b) past contact experiences with African Americans, and (c) pro-Black/ anti-Black attitudes. A second study used Asian Americans as the outgroup. In both studies, the model was supported. The results have implications for integrating personality and situational approaches to prejudice and enhancing our understanding of intergroup relations. 相似文献
945.
Ronald N. Giere 《Erkenntnis》2005,63(2):149-165
Scientific realism is a doctrine that was both in and out of fashion several times during the twentieth century. I begin by
noting three presuppositions of a succinct characterization of scientific realism offered initially by the foremost critic
in the latter part of the century, Bas van Fraassen. The first presupposition is that there is a fundamental distinction to
be made between what is “empirical” and what is “theoretical”. The second presupposition is that a genuine scientific realism
is committed to their being “a literally true story of what the world is like”. The third presupposition is that there are
methods for justifying a belief in the empirical adequacy of a theory which do not also suffice to justify beliefs in its
literal truth. Each of these presuppositions raises a number of problems, some of which are quite old and others rather newer.
In each case, I briefly review some of the old problems and then elaborate the newer problems. 相似文献
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948.
Jay Schulkin 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2006,5(3-4):341-349
Body representations traverse the whole of the brain. They provide vital sources of information for every facet of an animal’s behavior, and such direct neural connectivity of visceral input throughout the nervous system demonstrates just how strongly cognitive systems are linked to bodily representations. At each level of the neural axis there are visceral appraisal systems that are integral in the organization of action. Cognition is not one side of a divide and viscera the other, with action merely a reflexive outcome. There is no divide between cognition and bodily functions once the brain is involved. Cognitive mechanisms that permeate neural function are a cardinal piece of biological function and adaptation. 相似文献
949.
Sarah Jay Anatolia Batruch Jolanda Jetten Craig McGarty Orla T. Muldoon 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2019,29(5):418-428
It is argued that far‐right (FR) populism in the West is fuelled by inequality. In this paper, we argue that three social psychological processes are central to explaining these phenomena. We suggest that these processes are recursive although we do not specify their temporal order. Drawing on the social identity tradition, we first examine how inequality is linked to reduced social trust and cohesion, which has consequences for both low‐ and high‐income groups. We examine the known effects of perceived threat in amplifying tensions between groups and consolidating identity positions. Second, we argue that national identity consolidation is a particularly likely response to inequality, which, in turn, reduces tolerance of cultural diversity as an associated consequence. Finally, we consider the value of these strengthened national identities to those who harness them effectively to gain political ground. In this way, those who offer FR populist rhetoric aligned with nationalism can blame immigrants, “foreign” powers, and mainstream politics for both the lack of social cohesion and reduced economic circumstances of many. We conclude that FR populist leaders not only tap into the negative social consequences of inequality, their policy positions also fail to address and may even compound the situation. 相似文献
950.
Rosalind D. Butterfield Greg J. Siegle Kyung Hwa Lee Cecile D. Ladouceur Erika E. Forbes Ronald E. Dahl Neal D. Ryan Lisa Sheeber Jennifer S. Silk 《Developmental science》2019,22(6)
The ways parents socialize their adolescents to cope with anxiety (i.e., coping socialization) may be instrumental in the development of threat processing and coping responses. Coping socialization may be important for anxious adolescents, as they show altered neural threat processing and over reliance on disengaged coping (e.g., avoidance and distraction), which can maintain anxiety. We investigated whether coping socialization was associated with anxious and healthy adolescents’ neural response to threat, and whether neural activation was associated with disengaged coping. Healthy and clinically anxious early adolescents (N = 120; M = 11.46 years; 71 girls) and a parent engaged in interactions designed to elicit adolescents’ anxiety and parents’ response to adolescents’ anxiety. Parents’ use of reframing and problem solving statements was coded to measure coping socialization. In a subsequent visit, we assessed adolescents’ neural response to threat words during a neuroimaging task. Adolescents’ disengaged coping was measured using ecological momentary assessment. Greater coping socialization was associated with lower anterior insula and perigenual cingulate activation in healthy adolescents and higher activation in anxious adolescents. Coping socialization was indirectly associated with less disengaged coping for anxious adolescents through neural activation. Findings suggest that associations between coping socialization and early adolescents’ neural response to threat differ depending on clinical status and have implications for anxious adolescents’ coping. 相似文献