听觉通道下负数的低水平加工引起注意的SNARC效应

采用刺激探测任务,探讨了听觉通道下负数的低水平加工能否引起注意的SNARC效应。结果表明:(1)负数的低水平加工能够产生注意的SNARC效应,即线索为绝对值小的负数时,被试对左耳目标反应更快;线索为绝对值大的负数时,被试对右耳目标反应更快。(2)负数的加工所引起听觉空间注意的转移并不依赖于负数所在的情境,而仅通过其绝对值大小与空间表征发生关联。这一结论与视觉条件下所得到的结论不一致,并支持了系统发生论假说。     

Abnormally high residual dislocation density in pure aluminum after Al/Ti/Al laminate annealing for seven days

We report an abnormally high residual dislocation density in aluminium in an Al/Ti/Al laminate annealed at 873 K for seven days. The residual dislocation density reaches 7.5 × 10¹⁴ m^?2, higher than that in aluminum after severe plastic deformation processes such as accumulative roll bonding and high-pressure torsion. It is proposed that the high residual dislocation density may result from obstruction of the movement of TiAl₃ nanoparticles by the grain boundary and Ti atoms conglomerating at vacancies distributed in the aluminium matrix at a high temperature for a sufficient time to allow a relatively stable crystal.     

Comparison of longitudinal biomechanical adaptation to shoe degradation between the dominant and non-dominant legs during running

This study compared the biomechanical adaptation to running shoe degradation between the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) leg. Twenty-four runners performed a pre-test in the laboratory, completed 200 miles of road running in a pair of assigned shoes and then returned for a post-test. Kinetic and kinematic data of running in new and worn shoes were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA (Shoe × Leg) were used to analyze temporal, kinetic and kinematic variables (α = .05). A symmetry index (SI) was calculated for the temporal and kinetic variables and paired t-tests were used to compare the SI between shoe conditions. Stance time increased by approximately 7 ms in worn shoes (p = .027). Bilateral differences in the kinematic change (Shoe × Leg interaction) were seen in the torso (p < .05), knee (p < .05), marginally at the hip (p < .10) but not the ankle. No difference in kinetic variables or SI was observed. When running in worn shoes, the torso displayed reduced forward lean for both sides and to a greater extent during the D leg strike. The D hip and knee showed a more extended position for the worn shoe condition while an increased flexion was observed in the ND leg. Most of the kinematic differences observed were small and within the intra-subject variability measured during the same session. Future studies may consider performing a three-dimensional analysis at a higher sample rate and further explore whether asymmetrical adaptation is related to running injuries.     

我国环境保护的财政政策改革

环境保护政策的核心,是调节人与自然交换过程中各利益相关者的分配关系.换言之,它实际上就是一种财政政策.因此,环境保护政策的改革,除了取决于科学发展观下我国的发展方式转型的现实和财政政策的发展方向外,在我国政府主导型的环境保护政策下,它还受现有的行政管理体制约束.这些约束因子最后可以归结为五个政策障碍,而这些障碍,也只有通过财政政策为主体的改革,通过制度创新,才能得到化解,中国特色的环境保护政策体系也才能得以形成.     

大、中、小学生自卑感结构及发展特点

为了考察学生自卑感结构及其发展特点,并给出探索性的评定标准,从社会比较的视角出发,分别以大、中、小学生为被试,编制《大、中、小学生自卑感问卷》。结果发现:(1)《大、中、小学生自卑感问卷》具有良好的信度和效度;(2)生活自卑感、学业自卑感、社交(性格)自卑感是学生自卑感体验的重要内容,但不同学龄阶段学生的生活自卑感、学业自卑感、社交(性格)自卑感又有不同的所指。(3)性格自卑感在学生自卑感的形成与发展中起着桥梁与中介的作用,社交自卑感是学生性格自卑感发展的必然结果。     

厌恶的起源及其泛化:进化的观点

厌恶是人类的基本情绪之一,也是情绪心理学的研究重点。以进化论为指导的进化心理学对厌恶研究提供了一个崭新的理论视角,认为人类厌恶情绪源于抵御寄生物和保持种群规模的需要。现代人类的多种复杂的道德厌恶感与生理厌恶感有着同样的进化根源,人类的道德心理系统有部分是建立在更为古老的进化适应基础之上。     

关于道德唤起与道德行为关系的实验研究

本文通过一个关于测验作弊的实验研究,揭示了道德唤起与道德行为之间存在的一定关系,即不同的道德唤起水平会对道德行为产生一定的影响。通过实验后的个别访谈,我们分析了道德认知、道德情感与道德唤起之间的关系。最后,我们提出了本实验研究的不足之处和可能存在的后续研究。     

弥赛亚的希望与新技术的未来

德里达的名著《马克思的幽灵们》于20世纪90年代初出版后,便在东西方世界引起了巨大的反响。而其中译本在国内的面世,更引发了国内学者对德里达思想及其解构哲学与马克思主义关系的探讨。迄今为止,国内已刊发的研究论文已为数不少,但主要关注点大都聚集于德里达“幽灵”概念的把握及其与马克思的关系。本文不揣陋见,试图从现代科技与社会的关系出发来对《马克思的幽灵们》所蕴涵的哲学价值做一探讨,期望达至对德里达思想的深度把握。不可否认,现代科学技术在德里达的思想中并不占据突出的地位。至少,德里达并没有像哈贝马斯那样喊出“作为意…     

围棋活动对小学生智力与学习的影响研究

研究采用瑞文高级推理测验和GITC测验对围棋特色学校小学生进行智力测试并与其他学校相同年级学小生进行比较,同时比较4组高年级被试的语文、数学成绩,结果表明下围棋具有很好的益智作用:从事围棋活动能促进小学生总体智力水平的发展,还能促进学生学习成绩的提高,而对数学成绩的促进尤其明显。     

Culture and context: East Asian American and European American differences in P3 event-related potentials and self-construal

Research has demonstrated differences in social and cognitive processes between East Asians and European Americans. Whereas East Asians have been characterized as being more sensitive to situational context and attending more to the perceptual field, European Americans have been characterized as being more focused on the object and being more field independent. The goal of the present experiment was to investigate differences in neural responses to target objects and stimulus context between East Asian Americans and European Americans using a three-stimulus novelty P3 event-related potential design. As hypothesized, European Americans displayed relatively greater target P3 amplitudes, indexing attention to target events, whereas East Asian Americans displayed relatively greater novelty P3 amplitudes, indexing attention to contextually deviant events. Furthermore, the authors found that interdependent self-construal mediated the relationship between culture and the novelty P3. These findings identify a specific pattern of neural activity associated with established cultural differences in contextual sensitivity.