从“批判性讨论”的理想模型到具体情境中的论证性会话——“语用论辩术”论证理论的逐步发展

在本文中,弗兰斯·范·爱默伦对语用论辩术理论的发展历程加以了概述,清晰说明了该理论如何从建构理想的"批判性讨论"模型,逐步和系统地发展到对真实论证实践中基本论证模式的探究。首先,他介绍了语用论辩术之"标准"理论的基本内容,该理论是以"论辩的合理性"为旨归的。进而,他概述了一些旨在巩固和完善语用论辩术"标准"理论的经验研究。之后,他讨论了语用论辩术的"扩展"理论,该理论的特点在于增加了探讨"取效性"的修辞学维度。随后,他介绍了一些与"遵从合理性来达到取效性"相关的经验研究,这些研究都是基于在"扩展"理论中所引入的"策略性操控"概念。最后,他说明了论证性会话所发生的"制度化语境"如何被纳入到了语用论辩术理论建构当中。进而,他对当前语用论辩术关于"典型论证模式"的研究加以了讨论,这些论证模式都关联于在特定语境中实施策略性操控的制度性先决条件。     

Clarifying the Role of Psychological Pain in the Risks of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Acts among Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

The role of psychological pain in the risk of suicide was explored using a three‐dimensional psychological pain model (pain arousal, painful feelings, pain avoidance). The sample consisted of 111 outpatients with major depressive episodes, including 28 individuals with suicidal histories. They completed the Chinese version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Psychache Scale, and the three‐dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS). A structured clinical interview was conducted to assess the history of suicidal acts. Significant correlations were found among BDI, BSI, and TDPPS scores (p < .01). Stepwise regression analyses showed that only pain avoidance scores significantly predicted suicide ideation at one's worst point (β = .79, p < .001) and suicidal acts (β = .46, p < .001). Pain avoidance was also a better predictor of current suicidal ideation (β = .37, p = .001) than were BDI scores (β = .31, p < .01). Increased levels of pain avoidance during a major depressive episode may be a dominant component of the motivation for suicide. Future clinical assessments for populations at high risk of suicide should include measures of psychological pain to reduce the incidence of suicide.     

The moderating role of interviewer's regulatory focus in the effectiveness of impression management tactics: Regulatory fit as a source of subjective value

Based on the recently explored regulatory fit effect in social contexts, the present research is the first to investigate the interaction between interviewer's regulatory focus and interviewee's impression management (IM) tactics. We hypothesized that assertive and defensive IM tactics would fit with interviewer's promotion and prevention focus, respectively, and that interviewer's experience of this regulatory fit would lead to enhanced interview evaluation. We conducted four studies in which the participants were asked to rate an interviewee after reading a list of the interviewee's IM-related behaviours or watching a videotaped interview. Additionally, the participant's regulatory focus was operationalized as both an induced situational state and a measured chronic trait. The results supported our hypotheses by showing a significant interaction of the interviewer's regulatory focus and the IM tactics on interview evaluation: the promotion-assertive and the prevention-defensive ratings were more positive than the prevention-assertive and the promotion-defensive ratings. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that the interaction exerts its effects on interview evaluation by providing interviewers with an intrapersonal regulatory fit experience.     

闽西客家地区的妈祖信仰

闽西客家山区，远离海滨，不知海舶为何物，但却普遍信仰发源莆田海滨、被沿海人民奉为海神的妈祖。本文对这个问题作了具体探讨，认为妈祖信仰传到客家山区后，对原有信仰形态有继承有改造，其被客家山区人民通过多种途经、多种方法、多种因素改造过的一种信仰形态，即传统妈祖信仰的变异形态。