大学生心理健康因素分析

大学生的心理健康问题与新时代社会发展有密切关系．他们的心理特点带有强烈的时代色彩。大学新生与毕业生的心理需求不同,所产生的心理障碍也不同,但通过心理咨询和心理健康教育,可以在很大程度上使学生们保持心理健康。     

克利考特伦理整体主义理论研究

文章从克利考特与大地伦理学的理论渊源着手,对克利考特如何捍卫大地伦理学,扩展大地伦理理论,以及提出的伦理整体主义这一理论发展过程做一概说。     

类别使用目的对类别典型性效应的影响

采用ERPs技术,对不同类别使用目的的典型性效应进行研究。通过分类方式控制类别使用目的,分别采用包含法和排除法对材料进行类属判断。结果表明:(1)排除组反应时显著短于包含组,表明两种条件下被试可能采取了不同的认知加工策略;(2)在认知加工早期阶段210ms-310ms,包含组引发了更大的N2波幅,这说明类别使用目的对类别典型性表征的影响在早期认知加工阶段就已有所表现。(3)370ms-470ms阶段,典型性样例在排除组引发了比包含组更大的N400;表明类别使用目的影响了典型性表征的加工。     

Confucianism as canonic culture

The present article is inspired by Liu's ( 2017 ) idea on how Asian philosophy can, in general, and Confucianism, in particular, contribute to psychological science and practice. We first clarify potential misunderstandings of Liu's ( 2017 ) paper as a theoretical argument for indigenous psychology or as a debate on philosophy or the philosophy of science. To interpret and develop Liu's idea, we then conceptualize the concept of culture as canonic (abstract, philosophical and as it appears in classical books or articles) vs. popular (concrete, experiential and as it appears in people's daily lives). Further, since Liu's main point is about canonic rather than popular culture, we focus on canonic culture and propose three principles of it, namely the principle of diversity, the principle of hermeneutics and the principle of inspiration. These principles respectively reveal the characteristics, the interpretation process and the beneficial function of a canonic culture like Confucianism.     

What makes a girl (or a boy) popular (or unpopular)? African American children's perceptions and developmental differences

Open-ended questions were used to obtain narrative accounts of what makes a girl (or a boy) popular (or unpopular) at school. The participants were 489 African American students in Grades 1, 4, and 7 recruited from high-risk inner-city neighborhoods. Appearance and self-presentation were mentioned the most in Grades 4 and 7. Prosocial characteristics were especially relevant for popularity in Grade 1, as were studentship in Grade 4 and peer affiliations in Grade 7. Deviant behaviors were nominated for popularity more frequently in Grade 7 than in the younger grades and more for boys' popularity than for girls'. The mean deviance scores were negative in all grade levels, suggesting a normative peer culture. Male groups in Grade 7 showed significant homophily in reports of deviant behaviors.     

风险沟通与公众理性

突发风险事件所导致的恐慌,其危害程度可能远远大于风险事件本身。当灾害突然降临的时候,公众能够启动理性的程度是应对危机的重要基础。文章提出了公众理性的概念,并界定和探讨了公众理性的构成以及公众理性的干扰因素;同时,通过SARS事件,着重分析了风险沟通的性质、特点,以及风险沟通对公众理性干预的可能途径和条件;目的是为总结SARS风险危机和建立应对突发风险事件的心理系统提供理论依据,以更好地促进我国在风险沟通领域的研究与实践。     

风险情景中不同成就动机者的冒险行为特征

采用计算机模拟和问卷的方法,研究不同成就动机的个体在动态情境下的冒险行为。结合成就动机的静态与动态理论,考察具有不同程度的成就动机个体在动态环境中的行为差异。结果发现,在动态情境的初期,可以看到不同成就动机的被试有稳定的偏好：成就动机高的个体偏爱中等难度的任务,成就动机低的个体偏爱较易或者是较难难度的任务;随着行为的动态进行,个体的冒险行为呈现出与静态情境中不同的规律性：成就动机高的个体在初期选择的中等难度的基础上逐渐选择更难的任务;成就动机低的个体在初期选择较易难度任务的基础上也逐渐选择更难的任务;相对于成就动机低的个体,成就动机高的个体会更慢地选择难度高的任务;高成就动机个体出现非典型转换次数显著低于低成就动机的个体。     

傣族传统幸福观探析

傣族是中国云南的一个拥有悠久历史和较高文明程度的少数民族.在傣族传统社会,幸福主要被界定为现实生活中的无病无灾状态以及对"涅榘"境界的期待和追求;傣族群众相信幸福是辛勤耕耘和奉持佛法的结果;傣族认为道德与幸福之间存在必然的联系,道德生活与幸福生活具有一致性.     

Multidimensional Gender Identity and Psychological Adjustment in Middle Childhood: A Study in China

This study examined the multiple components of gender identity (Egan and Perry 2001) and their relationships with psychological adjustment among 201 boys and 160 girls (aged 9 to 12 years) in Mainland China. Boys were found to be more content about their gender but feel more pressure to conform to gender stereotypes than girls. No gender or age differences were found in children’s intergroup bias. Higher gender typicality was related to greater global self-worth, greater social competence, and lower sense of loneliness. However, neither felt pressure nor gender contentment significantly predicted psychological adjustment. These results were compared with findings of previous United States-based studies to highlight the impacts of cultural contexts on gender identity and their effects on adjustment.