数学学习困难初中生的N-back任务表现特征

目的：分析数学学习困难初中生与学习优秀初中生的核心认知过程机制差异。方法：采用N-back任务作为测查工作记忆能力的指标,分析初中42名数困生和53名数优生的表现差异。结果：两组学生在0-back任务中无显著差异,在1-back和2-back任务中的差异逐渐增大。回归分析表明2-back和1-back任务对数学成绩有显著影响。结论：1）随着认知负荷增高,数困生和数优生的表现差距增大。数学学习困难的核心认知缺损是工作记忆能力而非简单认知加工过程。2）N-back任务能有效预测数学学习成绩。     

Generalized full-information item bifactor analysis

Full-information item bifactor analysis is an important statistical method in psychological and educational measurement. Current methods are limited to single-group analysis and inflexible in the types of item response models supported. We propose a flexible multiple-group item bifactor analysis framework that supports a variety of multidimensional item response theory models for an arbitrary mixing of dichotomous, ordinal, and nominal items. The extended item bifactor model also enables the estimation of latent variable means and variances when data from more than 1 group are present. Generalized user-defined parameter restrictions are permitted within or across groups. We derive an efficient full-information maximum marginal likelihood estimator. Our estimation method achieves substantial computational savings by extending Gibbons and Hedeker's (1992) bifactor dimension reduction method so that the optimization of the marginal log-likelihood requires only 2-dimensional integration regardless of the dimensionality of the latent variables. We use simulation studies to demonstrate the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed methods. We apply the model to study cross-country differences, including differential item functioning, using data from a large international education survey on mathematics literacy.     

留学经验与艺术创造力

采用两个艺术创造力测量任务比较了中国留学生、德国大学生和中国国内学生的艺术创造力水平。使用共感评价技术作为评判艺术作品创造程度、技术水平等维度的方法。研究发现:(1)在艺术创造力任务中,中国留学生没有表现出比中国国内学生的优势,说明可能多元文化经验对创造力表达的影响是有条件的;(2)德国学生的艺术创造力水平高于中国学生,本结果支持前人研究中有关个人主义文化相对于集体主义文化更有助于创造力表达的相关假设;(3)共感评价技术是艺术创造力研究的有效工具。     

High-dimensional Exploratory Item Factor Analysis by A Metropolis–Hastings Robbins–Monro Algorithm

A Metropolis–Hastings Robbins–Monro (MH-RM) algorithm for high-dimensional maximum marginal likelihood exploratory item factor analysis is proposed. The sequence of estimates from the MH-RM algorithm converges with probability one to the maximum likelihood solution. Details on the computer implementation of this algorithm are provided. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with simulations. As an illustration, the proposed algorithm is applied to explore the factor structure underlying a new quality of life scale for children. It is shown that when the dimensionality is high, MH-RM has advantages over existing methods such as numerical quadrature based EM algorithm. Extensions of the algorithm to other modeling frameworks are discussed.     

"分离机制"与假装的意义——M.Leslie假装的元表征理论述评

文章从假装的判定标准,一些重要概念如元表征、分离机制、元表征的形式等方面介绍和评价了Leslie假装的元表征理论,并通过一个行为定向模型加以明确描述。文章表明,Leslie对以皮亚杰为代表的传统假装理论提出了挑战。     

集体所有权的层次及其法律政策选择

集体和集体所有权是一个问题的两个方面,明确了集体的含义也就明确了集体所有权的含义。应当区分集体所有权在宪法、物权法与企业法上的不同含义。宪法意义上的集体所有权构成集体法律制度设计的强制性限制条件。物权法意义的集体所有权应当进行法人所有权的法律构成。集体土地可以通过多种多样的用益物权实现民事主体的独立性和民事权利的有效流转。企业法意义的集体所有权则应当给当事人的意思自治留下充分的空间。     

汉语阅读中先行词词频对代词加工影响的眼动研究

采用眼动分析法考察先行词词频对代词加工的影响。结果表明,先行词的词频对其代词加工的难易没有影响,即当先行词为高频词时对代词后区域的阅读时间与低频条件没有差异。研究结果支持了代词加工的词条重新通达假说,该理论认为读者在加工代词时只需通达先行词的部分词汇信息。     

四川凉山彝族的"尼"与我国北方萨满的传承比较研究

凉山彝族的宗教和我国北方萨满教都属于原始宗教,凉山彝族的宗教职业者之一尼与北方萨满在传承上有许多相同之处,但由于各自社会发展的差异性,因此也带来了各自的区别与特色.     

Coh-Metrix: Analysis of text on cohesion and language

Advances in computational linguistics and discourse processing have made it possible to automate many language- and text-processing mechanisms. We have developed a computer tool called Coh-Metrix, which analyzes texts on over 200 measures of cohesion, language, and readability. Its modules use lexicons, part-of-speech classifiers, syntactic parsers, templates, corpora, latent semantic analysis, and other components that are widely used in computational linguistics. After the user enters an English text, Coh-Metrix returns measures requested by the user. In addition, a facility allows the user to store the results of these analyses in data files (such as Text, Excel, and SPSS). Standard text readability formulas scale texts on difficulty by relying on word length and sentence length, whereas Coh-Metrix is sensitive to cohesion relations, world knowledge, and language and discourse characteristics.     

Environmental attitudes in China: The roles of the Dark Triad,future orientation and place attachment

Given the current environmental situation and social change in China, we explored the relationships between the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) and environmental attitudes (beliefs regarding environmentally related issues), and the mediating roles of future orientation (the tendency to plan for meeting long‐term objectives) and place attachment (the emotional connection with the place of residence) in these relationships. Using a national sample from all 31 provinces of mainland China (N = 998), we found that the psychometric structure of the Dark Triad was well confirmed under Chinese culture. The Dark Triad as a whole was negatively related to environmental attitudes, but narcissism was not significantly associated with environmental attitudes when the three Dark Triad traits were considered as the predictors simultaneously. Future orientation and place attachment mediated the association between the Dark Triad and environmental attitudes. These findings enrich our understanding of the relevant variables of environmental attitudes and provide references for China's government and other developing countries to improve environmental issues. The uniqueness of narcissism could expand the understanding of the commonality and diversity among the Dark Triad traits, and an efficient tool of the Dark Triad was provided under Chinese culture.