机器理解古汉语的实验和若干问题

本文介绍了机器理解古汉语的一个实验系统(ACLUS)。该系统由一个知识库和三个子程序组成。知识库包含有一部机器词典和若干集用来加工句子的规则。三个子程序是:句法分析子程序、翻译子程序和问答子程序,它们分别执行三种不同的功能。本文还讨论了有关机器理解古汉语的若干重要问题。     

痛成分的心理学研究

近年来.疼痛原理的研究有了迅速的发展,最近提出了针刺对痛的不同成分的影响问题。关于痛的问题,至今尚没有它的科学定义。十九世纪以前,有人把痛看作是紧密地和不愉快的情绪相联系的;自本世纪以来,痛是感觉的观点占了优势。人们都承认痛不同于视、听等感觉,因为它还带有明显的情绪色彩。心理学和生理学教科书中,一方面说痛     

痛成分的心理学研究(Ⅱ)——试论穴位电针的镇痛效应

在针麻原理的研究中,有人探讨了入手术室时的情绪状态和某些心理、生理机能的联系及其和针麻效果的关系。那么针刺对情绪有何影响?在前一个研究中,我们提出了痛反应量表,考察多种痛刺激下的情绪状态和痛感觉。然后再在受试者身上进行同神经     

Future time perspective drives younger and older adults to continue investing in failing activities

Inspired by socioemotional selectivity theory, we investigated age differences in further investment in failing situations by considering goal type and future time perspective. In Experiment 1, 32 younger and 30 older adults reported their likelihood of continued investing following an unsuccessful investment. Older adults were more willing to invest with emotional goals as opposed to knowledge and unspecified goals, while younger adults showed a greater willingness to invest with emotional and knowledge goals rather than unspecified goals. In Experiment 2, another sample of 32 younger and 34 older adults completed the same decision tasks as those in Experiment 1. After future time perspective restriction, the younger adults made decisions resembling Experiment 1's older adults, while after future time perspective expansion, the older adults behaved like Experiment 1's younger adults. These results indicate that future time perspective modification could reverse participants' goal prioritisation, manifesting in differential willingness to pursue further investment in decision scenarios with different goals. Our results represent important steps towards understanding the mechanism of older and younger adults' further investment in failing situations and illustrate that forging connections between the lifespan theory of motivation and further investment decision is critical for understanding adults' decision behaviours.     

创造性的公众观的调查研究（Ⅰ）——关于高创造性者的特征

本研究采用凋查分析的方法,在预调查的基础上,编制问卷对创造性的公众观进行了调查研究,结果发现：1．公众认为高创造性者的特征主要涉及认知和人格两个方面。2．公众对高创造性者的特征的认识与专家的认识存在广泛一致,但在广度,深度和具体项目的重要性上存在不少差异。3．不同教育程度的公众对高创造性者的特征的认识总体差异显著．4．公众的性别,年龄,教育程度对高创造性者的特征的认识的某些方面影响显著或非常显著。     

暴力电子游戏玩家对攻击性图片注意偏向的ERP研究

本研究采用游戏使用习惯问卷筛选暴力电子游戏玩家和对照组被试各24名,利用线索探测范式,探讨了暴力电子游戏玩家对攻击性图片的注意偏向机制。结果发现：（1）与对照组相比,暴力电子游戏玩家对攻击性图片线索下探测目标诱发的P1潜伏期提前;（2）暴力电子游戏玩家表现出特定的脑电模式：N1潜伏期延长,P2波幅减小,P300波幅降低;（3）线索的有效性效应表现在早期ERP成分（P1）中。结果表明,暴力电子游戏玩家对攻击性图片表现出注意偏向,其脑电模式揭示暴力电子游戏对玩家的认知功能有消极影响。     

Aiming at Happiness: How Motivation Affects Attention to and Memory for Emotional Images

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). American Psychologist, 54, 155–181) posits that older adults, and anyone else who perceives their time as limited, show a motivational shift toward emotion regulation which causes them to exhibit a positivity bias and negativity avoidance in attention and memory. We tested whether such a motivational shift can indeed cause changes in emotional processing by manipulating motivation in a sample of young adults. After the manipulation, participants looked at real-world images while their eye movements were tracked. It was found that participants motivated to regulate emotion attended less to negative than positive images and showed less looking time to all stimulus types compared to the other two conditions. No evidence was found linking the motivational manipulation to emotional memory.

Two efficient selection methods for high-dimensional CD-CAT utilizing max-marginals factor from MAP query and ensemble learning approach

Computerized adaptive testing for cognitive diagnosis (CD-CAT) needs to be efficient and responsive in real time to meet practical applications' requirements. For high-dimensional data, the number of categories to be recognized in a test grows exponentially as the number of attributes increases, which can easily cause system reaction time to be too long such that it adversely affects the examinees and thus seriously impacts the measurement efficiency. More importantly, the long-time CPU operations and memory usage of item selection in CD-CAT due to intensive computation are impractical and cannot wholly meet practice needs. This paper proposed two new efficient selection strategies (HIA and CEL) for high-dimensional CD-CAT to address this issue by incorporating the max-marginals from the maximum a posteriori query and integrating the ensemble learning approach into the previous efficient selection methods, respectively. The performance of the proposed selection method was compared with the conventional selection method using simulated and real item pools. The results showed that the proposed methods could significantly improve the measurement efficiency with about 1/2–1/200 of the conventional methods' computation time while retaining similar measurement accuracy. With increasing number of attributes and size of the item pool, the computation time advantage of the proposed methods becomes more significant.     

对三维心理旋转操作任务特性的效应的初步研究

在认知心理学领域,对心理旋转的研究主要是以反应时范式为基础。本研究试图突破反应时范式,把心理测量学和实验的方法相结合,以现代测量理论——项目反应理论的项目参数（如项目难度、区分度、猜测参数）为指标,对心理旋转测验中,操作任务的若干特性对测验项目特性的影响进行研究,结果发现：对于以Ｓｈｅｐａｒｄ三维旋转材料编制的心理旋转测验、测验材料的复杂程度,标准图形和匹配图形的角度差,以及匹配图形的编排位置等对测验项目的诸特性均无显著影响。