语言理解的体验观

随着体验哲学和体验认知的蓬勃发展,在语言理解中出现了强调经验作用的新观点,这就是语言理解的体验观。其基本观点是语言根植于知觉和运动,语言理解就是对语言所描述的情境建构心理模拟。这种模拟是以理解者的身体的、情绪的和社会的经验为基础的,因此语言理解实质上是对语言所指代的情境的心理上的经验重演。在语言理解的体验观中,索引假设、浸入式经历者框架和语言的神经理论具有一定的代表性     

基于分化/整合视角的自尊结构与心理调适的关系

研究采用中介性调节分析策略,探讨了大学生外显自尊、内隐自尊、自我概念清晰性和抑郁的关系.研究发现:外显自尊与抑郁呈显著负相关.内隐自尊调节着外显自尊和抑郁的关系;外显自尊与自我概念清晰性呈显著正相关,内隐自尊调节着外显自尊和自我概念清晰性的关系;外显自尊×内隐自尊对抑郁的效应是通过自我概念清晰性这一中介变量实现的.     

Psychosocial Well-being of Children in HIV/AIDS-Affected Families in Southwest China: A Qualitative Study

We investigated the psychosocial well-being of children in HIV/AIDS-affected families in rural China from the child’s and caregiver’s perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among children living in HIV/AIDS-affected families (n = 16), their caregivers (n = 16) and key community informants (n = 5). Our findings showed that all of the children relied heavily on caregivers and peers to gain psychological support. Children’s psychosocial problems included fear, anxiety, grief, and loss of self-esteem and confidence. Stigma towards children existed, including isolation, ignorance and rejection. Our study illustrates that HIV/AIDS has impacted negatively on the psychosocial well-being of children. These findings can be used as preliminary data supporting more researches to profoundly explore the psychosocial impact of HIV/AIDS on children and appropriately indicate the need for interventions.     

Convergent,Discriminant, and Incremental Validities of Person–Environment Fit Scale for Creativity in Predicting Innovative Behavior

This study examined the validity of a 14-item two-factor person–environment fit scale for creativity (PEFSC) to measure the personal and environmental components of creativity. A sample of 2,475 participants completed the PEFSC for evaluating the factor structure. For convergent, discriminant, and incremental validities, a subsample (N = 362) completed the creative self-efficacy scale, support for innovation subscale of the team climate inventory, and innovative behavior measure. Results indicated the two-factor correlated model showed a better goodness of fit than the one-factor model. Measurement invariance of PEFSC was observed across different genders and educational groups. Internal consistency reliabilities were satisfactory (α  ≥  .87). The personal dimension indicated stronger associations with creative self-efficacy than with support for innovation, whereas the environmental dimension was related more closely to support for innovation than to creative self-efficacy. Incremental validity was confirmed by significant and additional explanations from PEFSC in predicting innovative behavior. These results consolidated the application of person–environment fit theoretical framework in creativity research.     

The Benefits of the Learn to Think Program for Preschoolers’ Creativity: An Explorative Study

This paper presents the Learn to Think preschool (LTT-P) program for promoting creativity in preschoolers and reviews its potential benefits. LTT-P was designed within the framework of the successful LTT creativity program for older students and both were developed to fit the Chinese education system. To assess the potential benefits of LTT-P, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study was conducted in a preschool in an urban region in the northwest of China, involving 68 middle level and 87 senior level children. The Lines and Circles subtests of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking were used to examine the development of children's creativity on the dimensions fluency, originality, and elaboration between pretest and posttest. The results suggest that the LTT-P program has the potential to promote young children's creative thinking, especially with regard to the aspects of originality and elaboration. The results for fluency are less clear. To the best of our knowledge, LTT-P is the first program, grounded in a structured learning theory and sound curriculum framework, to support children's creativity development in Chinese early childhood education.     

Poor peer work does not boost student confidence

Students' low confidence, particularly in numerical topics, is thought to be a barrier to keeping them engaged with education. We studied the effects on confidence of exposure to a peer's work of varying quality (very good or bad) and neatness (messy or neat). Previous research underpinned our hypothesis that a peer's bad-quality work—which students rarely see—might boost student confidence more than very good work. We also predicted that a peer's very good work—which students are often shown—might be less discouraging if it were messy, suggesting it required effort and struggle. However, in experiments with university students and low-educated adults, these hypotheses were not supported, and all participants decreased in confidence after seeing any peer work. The failure to find support for these hypotheses can inform future research into social comparison effects on self-confidence in numerical topics. These results also have practical implications for teachers and managers who are expected to provide examples of peer work.     

倾听∧óγζ :赫拉克利特著作残篇DK-B1诠释

本文集中讨论赫拉克利特著作残篇DK-B1的翻译与理解问题.作者利用古典语文学方法详细阐述了DK-B1的若干文本问题,在总结西方学界各种观点的基础上对 (logos)的含义进行了深入分析.作者认为,赫拉克利特的具有多个层次的含义,它不仅表示赫拉克利特个人的"叙述"或"教义",而且表示超越的"理性"或"法则".赫拉克利特呼吁人们理解 ,洞察存在者之本性和真相,追求智慧而脱离愚昧,这是真正哲学式的召唤.     

丁韪良与西学东渐

本文从四个方面对19世纪来华传教士丁韪良在西学东渐中所起的作用作了客观的分析和评价,包括为中国翻译了第一本西方的法学著作——惠顿的《万国公法》,为中国人引进西方自然科学哲学等著作、引进西学改造京师同文馆、为汉字引入罗马字拼音等等。传教士作为一个群体而言是十分复杂的,即使作为个体的传教士也往往有多个层面,对他们的总体评价也应从多方面加以研究和考察。     

晚清英国新教传教士"适应"中国策略的三种形态及其评价

19世纪新教来华传教士为了实现宣教和基督化中国的目的,采取了各种“适应”中国的宣教策略。本文以理雅各的“中国经典”翻译为主,兼及麦都思的西学新学翻译和戴德生的“融入本土”的宣教策略,对上述三种策略的历史形成予以勾勒澄清,并作出了相应评价。     

论道教善书的当代价值

道教善书是指以《太上感应篇》为发端而产生的一批道教劝善经书,包括《文昌帝君阴骘文》、《太微仙君功过格》、《关圣帝君觉世真经》、《文昌帝君蕉窗圣训》等。这些经书既可以被视为一套伦理系统,也可以被视为一套解释系统,还可以被视为一套仪式系统。以其所具有的融合性、阐释性、实践性,道教善书在当代伦理重建中具有显著的价值,可为在当代宗教冲突与对话中寻求建构普世伦理,并将其化为一种普遍的社会实践提供有益的参考。