基于未感染者与感染者双重视角的艾滋病污名

艾滋病污名由公众污名和自我污名两部分构成。前者指公众所持有的对艾滋病和艾滋病感染者的偏见、刻板印象和歧视; 后者指艾滋病感染者感知到的来自公众的偏见、刻板印象和歧视, 并由此产生的负面自我认知。测量主要从未感染者和感染者两个层面展开。艾滋病的公众污名与自我污名广泛存在于个人、家庭、医疗、媒体等诸多领域, 阻碍艾滋病的有效防治并损害社会平等。减少艾滋病污名的干预既需要消除公众的偏见、刻板印象和歧视, 改善社会环境; 也需要感染者自我的心理健康和治疗意愿, 提升生活质量。未来应该从未感染者和感染者的双重视角出发, 对其相互作用机制、测量工具、干预措施及连带污名等进行深入研究。     

叠音姓名对人际知觉和态度的影响

基于刻板印象内容模型,通过三个实验考察了叠音姓名对人际知觉和态度的影响,并检验了性别特征的调节作用。研究结果表明:(1)叠音姓名会让人们觉得评价对象更像儿童,更温暖,但也更缺乏能力。(2)叠音姓名对人际知觉的影响受到姓名性别特征的调节。对于女性化姓名,叠音姓名对温暖和能力知觉的影响会削弱。(3)叠音姓名对人际态度的作用受到工作类型的影响。人们会觉得叠音姓名的人更适合从事服务性的工作,非叠音姓名的人更适合从事技术性的工作。     

Does Being Mindful of Your Character Strengths Enhance Psychological Wellbeing? A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis

Mindfulness and character strengths significantly contribute to psychological wellbeing in various contexts. Empirical studies further imply that mindfulness-based interventions can cultivate a wide range of strengths, which in turn facilitate the wellbeing of individuals. However, no study has examined this hypothesis. The current study underpins this argument with empirical pieces of evidence from cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal (Study 2) data by investigating the relationship between character strengths, mindfulness, and psychological wellbeing among community (n = 375) and undergraduate populations (n = 229). Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Brief Strengths Scale, and Flourishing Scale were administrated. As hypothesized, the results of the cross-sectional investigation confirm that mindfulness and character strengths are conceptually related constructs with significant contributions to psychological wellbeing. Temperance Strength and Interpersonal Strength further mediate the relationship between Observing facet of mindfulness and Flourishing. Furthermore, investigating the relationship among mindfulness, strengths, and psychological wellbeing using Longitudinal Mediation Modeling reveals a clear picture. After the baseline of the outcomes is controlled, the 6-month longitudinal study indicates that the past level of Observing facet of mindfulness can predict the present level of Temperance Strength, which in turn predicts future Flourishing. These results highlight the importance of Observing facet in mindfulness and Temperance Strength, which provide another possible explanation on how and why mindfulness can affect psychological wellbeing among general populations. Future Strength-based Mindfulness Intervention Programs can be developed based on these findings.     

The game is afoot: A response to three insightful commentaries

This is an author response to commentaries on our original article (Wu, Sheppard & Mitchell, 2016). We abstract two main themes from the commentaries, and they are as follows: (1) What kind of clues in target behaviour allow perceivers to infer target EQ? And related with this, by what process do perceivers infer the target's EQ? (2) Do features of the target group naturally lead to a U‐shaped function, whereby it is easy for perceivers to identify those at the extremes but not those in the middle of the continuum?     

Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome among medical students at Inner Mongolia Medical University,China: a cross-sectional study

There is little epidemiological research on Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Inner Mongolia, China. Here we investigated the prevalence of IBS and factors associated with IBS in both males and females in Inner Mongolia Medical University by a cross-sectional study. We recruited Inner Mongolia Medical University students residing in campus and asked them to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of IBS in each factor we chose in all, male, and female students was determined. We assessed IBS subtypes in male and female students. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with IBS in male and female students. The overall prevalence of IBS was 29.5%. The prevalence of IBS in female students was significantly higher than that in male students (31.3% vs. 24.8%, p < .001). Logistic regression results showed that attempting to lose weight and anxiety were both associated with increasing odds of IBS, while exercise was not associated with IBS in either male or female students. In female students, snack consumption and depression were also both associated with increasing odds of IBS. The predominant IBS subtype was the diarrhea-predominant type in both male and female students. Considering the high prevalence of IBS in students and the fact that the factors associated with IBS can be improved by individuals, students should be given adequate education and counseling to improve their mental health and lifestyle, especially female students in higher grades.     

A Descriptive “Snapshot” of Cross‐Racial Supervision in University Counseling Center Internships

Results of a survey of cross‐racial supervision dyads at university counseling centers showed (a) supervisees were more sensitive to cultural/racial issues than were supervisors, (b) supervisors reported making more efforts to address cultural issues than supervisees perceived, and (c) satisfaction with supervision was related to supervisees' self‐disclosure and dyad members' perceived positive attitudes toward each other. Resultados de una encuesta sobre duos de supervisión de diferentes razas en centros de consejería universitarios demostró lo siguiente (a) los supervisados fueron mas sensibles sobre temas culturales o raciales que los supervisores, (b) los supervisores reportaron haber hecho mas esfuerzo para tratar temas culturales que lo que fue percevido por los supervisados, y (c) la satisfaction en la supervisión estuvo relacionada con le nivel de auto‐revelación de los supervisados y la percepción de actitudes positivas hacia el otro.     

一堂有趣的语文课--由《越巫》一文联想到的

巫师巫术,在我国有着悠久的历史,也有着一大批信徒。所以,几千年来,一直流传不衰。即使在文明科学的现代,巫术仍有它的市场。如何看待这种复杂而神奇的现象呢?生活在14世纪的方孝孺,已清楚地认识到巫术妄。并勇敢的揭露了巫术之妄。初三语文课本第     

Experiences of Prejudice,Role Difficulties,and Counseling Self‐Efficacy Among U.S. Racial and Ethnic Minority Supervisees Working With White Supervisors

This study explored supervision experiences in 69 U.S. racial/ethnic minority supervisees working with White supervisors. The results demonstrated that perceived prejudice was associated with role ambiguity and role conflict in supervision, suggesting that supervision may not occur in isolation from trainees' lived experience. Implications for training and research are addressed. Este estudio exploró las experiencias durante la supervisión de 69 estadounidenses pertenecientes a minorías raciales/étnicas trabajando con supervisores Blancos. Los resultados demostraron que el perjuicio observado estaba asociado con la ambigüedad del rol y el conflicto del rol en la supervisión, lo que sugiere que no puede darse una supervisión aislada de la experiencia vital del aprendiz. Se abordan las implicaciones para la formación e investigación.     

汉语常用颜色词的概念结构

采用自然分类和多维标度的方法,研究了汉语常用颜色词的概念结构。结果表明,汉语常用颜色词的语义空间具有按原型分布的特点。常用颜色词的概念结构有3个维度:1.彩色/非彩色;2.暖色/冷色;3.颜色的互补和对比。整个研究表明,颜色认知既受光波的物理属性和人眼的生物特性影响,又受语言和社会文化影响。     

《指空和尚禅要录》研究

《指空和尚禅要录》亦称《指空直指》,简称《禅要录》,是指空弟子汇编的一部指空著述,包括《佛祖传心西天宗派旨要》、《顿入无生大解脱法门指要》两大部分。本文对其研究证实,指空禅学应该还是中国禅学的翻版,无论是就其思想还是形式而言。由此看出,指空虽是一位来自印度的僧人,当其以“禅师”面目出现时,他即已经是一位很中国化的僧人了。