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排序方式: 共有92条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
人类技巧学习的脑功能成像研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近10年来的脑功能成像研究表明,人类技巧学习是一个动态过程。在这一过程中,有关脑区的活动发生了阶段性的变化。在学习的早期阶段,由于神经元选择性提高,有关脑区的活动减弱;而在晚期,由于新神经元的参与,有关脑区的活动增强。脑区活动的阶段性变化还可能与学习过程中被试对任务的意识和加工策略的转变有关。在学习过程中,不同脑区之间逐渐建立联系并组成临时任务指向性系统,这一系统受到额叶等联合皮层的调控。 相似文献
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Philosophical Studies - What is it for an imprecise credence to be justified? It might be thought that this is not a particularly urgent question for friends of imprecise credences to answer. For... 相似文献
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This research investigated the role of intention-behavior discrepancy in predicting changes in drug use by American teenagers. The tested behavior included drinking alcohol, smoking cannabis, and taking hard drugs. Data were collected from 1,177 young adolescents at two time points separated by one year. Two sets of analysis were performed--a multitrait-multimethod latent variable model and longitudinal analyses. The results of longitudinal analyses indicated that, although young adolescents were legally and socially prohibited from engaging in drug-taking activities, some of them intended to use drugs. This discrepancy between behaviors and intentions decreased neither drug-taking behaviors nor intentions to use drugs over time; on the contrary, it increased adolescents' illegal drug use and intention to engage in such behaviors as predicted by Brehm's reactance theory. This discrepancy factor was a better predictor of later drug-taking behavior and positive intentions to use drugs than early intentions alone. The best predictor of later behavior and intentions was prior drug use. 相似文献
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Two types of encoding tasks have been employed in previous research to investigate the beneficial effect of unitisation on familiarity-based associative recognition (unitised familiarity effect), namely the compound task and the interactive imagery task. Here we show how these two tasks could differentially engage subsequent recollection-based associative recognition and consequently lead to the turn-on or turn-off of the unitised familiarity effect. In the compound task, participants studied unrelated word pairs as newly learned compounds. In the interactive imagery task, participants studied the same word pairs as interactive images. An associative recognition task was used in combination with the Remember/Know procedure to measure recollection-based and familiarity-based associative recognition. The results showed that the unitised familiarity effect was present in the compound task but was absent in the interactive imagery task. A comparison of the compound and the interactive imagery task revealed a dramatic increase in recollection-based associative recognition for the interactive imagery task. These results suggest that unitisation could benefit familiarity-based associative recognition; however, this effect will be eliminated when the memory trace formed is easily accessed by strong recollection without the need for a familiarity assessment. 相似文献
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Various different item response theory (IRT) models can be used in educational and psychological measurement to analyze test data. One of the major drawbacks of these models is that efficient parameter estimation can only be achieved with very large data sets. Therefore, it is often worthwhile to search for designs of the test data that in some way will optimize the parameter estimates. The results from the statistical theory on optimal design can be applied for efficient estimation of the parameters.A major problem in finding an optimal design for IRT models is that the designs are only optimal for a given set of parameters, that is, they are locally optimal. Locally optimal designs can be constructed with a sequential design procedure. In this paper minimax designs are proposed for IRT models to overcome the problem of local optimality. Minimax designs are compared to sequentially constructed designs for the two parameter logistic model and the results show that minimax design can be nearly as efficient as sequentially constructed designs. 相似文献
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Yi Yuan Zude Zhu Jinfu Shi Zhiling Zou Fei Yuan Yijun Liu Tatia M.C. Lee Xuchu Weng 《Brain and cognition》2009
Numerous studies have documented cognitive impairments and hypoactivity in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in drug users. However, the relationships between opiate dependence and brain structure changes in heroin users are largely unknown. In the present study, we measured the density of gray matter (DGM) with voxel-based morphometry in 30 lifetime heroin-dependent individuals who had abstained from drug use for 5 months, and 34 healthy participants. The DGM of the prefrontal, temporal and cingulate cortices significantly decreased in heroin addicts relative to the healthy group. Critically, partial correlation analysis, which controlled for age, education and gender factors as well as nicotine use and heroin abstinence duration, showed that the duration of heroin use negatively correlated with the DGM in heroin-dependent individuals. These results provide compelling evidence for structural abnormality in heroin-dependent individuals and further suggest that duration of heroin use is a critical factor leading to brain damage. 相似文献
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Weng Marc Lim 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2024,23(2):299-320
Mother Earth is dying. Humanity needs to step up. Otherwise, the planet we call home will soon be uninhabitable. The destiny of our planet inarguably depends on consumers, as their choices have the power to turn them into eco-superheroes (sustainable consumption) or eco-villains (unsustainable consumption). This article aims to review the current progress of consumption research and propose strategies to inspire consumers to embrace their inner eco-warrior spirit, fostering sustainable behavior that protects the environment and supports human well-being. To achieve this, this article employs an integrative approach, merging a meta-perspective on theoretical development with a multi-study methodological approach. Harnessing the power of scientometrics, this article delivers meta-insights from a multi-study analysis on consumption trends in relation to environmental values (micro-perspective; Study 1) and planetary health (macro-perspective; Study 2). These findings pave the way for future research and intervention strategies designed to nurture ecological sustainability and unleash the eco-warrior in every consumer. 相似文献