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821.
Wendy S Grolnick Suzanne T Gurland Wendy DeCourcey Karen Jacob 《Developmental psychology》2002,38(1):143-155
This study examined the effects of contextual and individual differences on mothers' autonomy support versus control on homeworklike tasks. Sixty mothers and their third-grade children worked on map and poem tasks, with mothers in either an ego-involving (high pressure) or a non-ego-involving (low pressure) condition. Later, children worked on similar tasks themselves. Mothers in the high-pressure condition were more controlling on the poem task. For the map task, mothers who came in with controlling styles and received the high-pressure manipulation were most controlling. Children whose mothers interacted in a more controlling manner wrote less creative poems when alone. Results suggest the importance of context, children's competence levels, and mothers' styles in determining levels of autonomy support. 相似文献
822.
Youth Suicide Intervention Using the Satir Model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Youth suicide is a social issue that needs serious consideration among families, therapists and helping professionals. This article presents an actual case of a youth who completed suicide, and discussion of the hypothetical Satir model treatment of this youth while alive. The Satir model has numerous interventions that have current applications toward dealing with suicidal youth in a humanist and hopeful way, fostering youths' desire to live and to become more positively involved in their lives. In the past, Satir focused on coping stances in communication, and now the coping stances give a deeper understanding into the internal world. 相似文献
823.
Piet Bracke Wendy Christiaens Mieke Verhaeghe 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(2):436-459
Despite several suggestions that peer support is empowering for persons with mental health problems because of its mutual nature, few studies have empirically studied the role of its reciprocity and the effects on subjective well-being of clients from mainstream mental health care settings. Using data of 628 users of vocational and psychiatric rehabilitation centers ( N = 51) in Flanders, the effects of the reciprocity of peer support on self-esteem and self-efficacy are explored by testing hypotheses derived from the theories of exchange, social capital, equity, and self-esteem enhancement. Results show that providing peer support is more beneficial than receiving it. One conclusion is that the net beneficial effects of receiving support from peers are overestimated. 相似文献
824.
825.
Mendes WB Major B McCoy S Blascovich J 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(2):278-291
The authors examined White and Black participants' emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses to same-race or different-race evaluators, following rejecting social feedback or accepting social feedback. As expected, in ingroup interactions, the authors observed deleterious responses to social rejection and benign responses to social acceptance. Deleterious responses included cardiovascular (CV) reactivity consistent with threat states and poorer performance, whereas benign responses included CV reactivity consistent with challenge states and better performance. In intergroup interactions, however, a more complex pattern of responses emerged. Social rejection from different-race evaluators engendered more anger and activational responses, regardless of participants' race. In contrast, social acceptance produced an asymmetrical race pattern--White participants responded more positively than did Black participants. The latter appeared vigilant and exhibited threat responses. Discussion centers on implications for attributional ambiguity theory and potential pathways from discrimination to health outcomes. 相似文献
826.
Francis WS Corral NI Jones ML Sáenz SP 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2008,137(3):566-590
Cognitive mechanisms underlying repetition priming in picture naming were decomposed in several experiments. Sets of encoding manipulations meant to selectively prime or reduce priming in object identification or word production components of picture naming were combined factorially to dissociate processes underlying priming in picture naming. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were conducted with Spanish-English bilingual participants and bilingual materials. Experiments 4, 5A, and 5B were single-language experiments in English or Spanish. A simple process model was used to formalize the theoretical predictions and test them across all experiments simultaneously. Object identification and word production processes were selectively influenced in an additive manner, which suggests that the 2 sets of processes are independent and sequential. The patterns of facilitation support a quantitative model of transfer-appropriate processing in which shared processes from encoding to test are the causal basis and speeded processes are the mechanism of facilitation. 相似文献
827.
Blaine SM Carroll JC Rideout AL Glendon G Meschino W Shuman C Telner D Van Iderstine N Permaul J 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(2):189-195
Background Family physicians (FPs) are increasingly involved in delivering genetic services. Familiarization with aspects of genetic
counseling may enable FPs to help patients make informed choices.
Purpose Exploration of interactive role-play as a means to raise FPs’ awareness of the process and content of genetic counseling.
Methods FPs attending two large Canadian family medicine conferences in 2005 were eligible—93 participated. FPs discussed a case during
a one-on-one session with a genetic counselor. Evaluation involved pre and post intervention questionnaires
Results FPs’ baseline genetic knowledge was self-rated as uniformly poor. Baseline confidence was highest in eliciting family history
and providing psychosocial support and lowest in discussing risks/benefits of genetic testing and counseling process. Post-intervention,
80% of FPs had better appreciation of family history and 97% indicated this was an effective learning experience.
Conclusions Role-play with FPs is effective in raising awareness of the process and content of genetic counseling and may be applied to
other health disciplines.
This research was funded by: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Institute of Genetics, The Genetics Education
Project (funded by the Ontario Women’s Health Council), and GeneSens (funded by a CIHR Interdisciplinary Capacity Enhancement
Team Grant). 相似文献
828.
Female fragile X premutation carriers are at ∼10-fold increased risk of premature ovarian failure (follicle stimulating hormone
>40 mIU/mL, amenorrhea, age <40). A milder degree of premature ovarian aging (diminished ovarian reserve, where follicle stimulating
hormone levels are typically 10–20 mIU/mL) results in infertility. Approximately 10% of fertility clinic patients have this
diagnosis. A cohort of 20 women diagnosed with diminished ovarian reserve provided a blood specimen (confidential results),
and completed structured questionnaires that assessed emotional reactions to potentially being a premutation carrier (pretest
questionnaire, n = 20) and the posttest known carrier status (3 month follow-up questionnaire, n = 18 non-carriers). Responses were measured using 9-point scales, and analyzed with Fisher exact and Wilcoxon exact tests.
While most participants did not view fragile X premutations as a serious medical condition, perceptions of seriousness were
positively correlated with anger and regret about not knowing sooner of the potential association of these premutations with
infertility. Overall, when women (pretest) imagined themselves as carriers, their self-esteem and Health Orientation Scale
responses were unchanged with the exception of feeling more afraid (p = 0.004). Despite strongly wishing for negative test results, they were glad to know there might be a medical explanation
for their infertility.
Financial Support: This work was financially supported by a University of Virginia School of Medicine Research & Development
Award. 相似文献
829.
Students who exaggerate their current grade point averages (GPAs) report positive emotional and motivational orientations toward academics (Gramzow & Willard, 2006; Willard & Gramzow, 2007). It is conceivable, however, that these self-reports mask underlying anxieties. The current study examined cardiovascular reactivity during an academic interview in order to determine whether exaggerators respond with a pattern suggestive of anxiety or, alternatively, equanimity. Sixty-two undergraduates were interviewed about their academic performance. Participants evidenced increased sympathetic activation (indexed with preejection period) during the interview, suggesting active task engagement. Academic exaggeration predicted parasympathetic coactivation (increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Observer ratings indicated that academic exaggeration was coordinated with a composed demeanor during the interview. Together, these patterns suggest that academic exaggeration is associated with emotional equanimity, rather than anxiety. The capacity for adaptive emotion regulation--to keep a cool head when focusing on academic performance--offers one explanation for why exaggerators also tend to improve academically. These findings have implications for the broader literature on self-evaluation, emotion, and cardiovascular reactivity. 相似文献
830.
DISCREPANCY IN FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS RESULTS ACROSS TWO SETTINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION DESIGN
Russell Lang Mark O'Reilly Giulio Lancioni Mandy Rispoli Wendy Machalicek Jeffrey M. Chan Paul Langthorne Jesse Franco 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(2):393-397
Functional analyses that were conducted in two settings (playground and classroom) indicated that problem behavior was sensitive to adult attention on the playground and tangible items in the classroom. Attention‐ and tangible‐based interventions were designed based on the results from each of the assessment environments and were compared. The attention‐based intervention was more effective on the playground, and the tangible‐based intervention was more effective in the classroom. Findings are discussed in regards to the generality of functional analysis results across environments. 相似文献