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771.
K. Mark Derby David P. Wacker Stephanie Peck Gary Sasso Agnes DeRaad Wendy Berg Jennifer Asmus Sonya Ulrich 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(2):267-278
We conducted a functional analysis of distinct topographies of aberrant behavior displayed by 4 clients. We first analyzed the behaviors in an aggregate fashion and then separated the behaviors to formulate hypotheses about the maintaining variables for each behavior. The procedures were used in a two-phase experiment. During Phase 1, two extended functional analyses were completed, one in an inpatient unit and one in a special education classroom. During Phase 2, two brief functional analyses were completed in an outpatient clinic. Results indicated that hypotheses of separate functions for distinct behaviors can be generated using both extended and brief functional analyses when the results are graphed in the aggregate and are separated by response topography. The results also suggest that these methods can improve the accuracy of data interpretation and treatment selection. 相似文献
772.
Don Malon Ph.D. M.S.W. Michael J. Paulus M.S.W. Wendy Hurley M.A. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1994,24(1):51-61
Though there is increasing knowledge today about self development and self structure, there still remains a lack of clarity
about the applications of these to practice. The aim of this article is to present a conceptual refinement of existing self
theory in order to make it more accessible to practice. We will clarify the phenomenon of a divided self with the help of
developmental and phenomenological ideas. We will then present and illustrate a therapeutic focus which encompasses not only
client-therapist interaction, but also self interaction. 相似文献
773.
This research attempts to integrate self-determination theory with the construct of self-schema. Forty-nine schematic subjects
(i.e., extreme on a personality dimension) received counterschematic feedback in either an ego-involving or non-ego-involving
condition. Subjects’ autonomy versus control orientations were assessed. Results indicated that subjects with higher autonomy
orientations changed less in response to counterschematic feedback than those with lower autonomy orientations. As well, subjects
in the ego-involving condition changed more in the direction of the counterschematic feedback than those in the non-ego-involving
condition. Findings suggest that both dispositional and situational factors account for differences in the degree to which
individuals display consistency and self-awareness in processing information about themselves. Results are interpreted as
support for the notion that greater autonomy is associated with a higher degree of self-knowledge and self-concept stability.
This research was supported in part by the Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Clark University. 相似文献
774.
K. Mark Derby David P. Wacker Marc Andelman Wendy Berg Janet Drew Jennifer Asmus Anne-Marie Prouty Peggy Laffey 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(3):345-346
A forced-choice preference assessment was conducted in which two dependent measures were used to select preferred stimuli: (a) approach responding and (b) latency to the first aberrant response. Stimuli identified as preferred based on both dependent measures were then evaluated during treatment. The results suggested that latency may be a useful measure in the selection of preferred stimuli during forced-choice assessments. 相似文献
775.
Shari R. Baldinger Lola P. Cook Beatrice N. French Joanne M. Haun Carol J. Ludowese Amy K. Stein Schechtman Wendy R. Uhlmann 《Journal of genetic counseling》1995,4(4):301-313
The increasing demand in the clinical genetics setting for information about teratogen exposures has created a need for genetic counselors to have the capabilities to appropriately address patient concerns. In order to assess how training in teratogen counseling is currently being conducted, the GLaRGG Teratogen Subcommittee surveyed all 17 genetic counseling training programs in North America in September 1993. Information was obtained from training programs about coursework, resources, and clinical training. In addition, each training program was asked to provide information about how their teratogen training needs could better be met. While all programs responded that some information in their coursework applicable to teratogen counseling was provided, there was wide variation in the amount of time devoted to this topic. The programs also greatly differed in the provision of clinical training in teratogen counseling. For both coursework and clinical work, genetic counselors were the main trainers in teratogen counseling. In spite of this, fewer than 25% of training programs have a defined teratogen clinical rotation. Data from the survey are discussed and recommendations presented. 相似文献
776.
In four experiments, the accumulation, over time, of a tendency to hear separate high and low streams in a sequence of high (H) and low (L) tones, presented in a galloping rhythm (HLH-HLH-…), was studied. Each trial was composed of two parts, an induction sequence, then a test sequence, with no break between them. The test sequence was always heard at the far left. When the induction sequence and the test sequence were identical, the presence of the induction sequence increased the tendency for the test sequence to split into two streams. However, when the sequences differed in location (cued by differences in interaural timing or intensity over headphones and by loudspeaker placement in a free field) or when they differed in loudness, the accumulation of the segregative tendency was reset, and the test sequence sounded more integrated. When the induction sequence changed in location or loudness in gradual steps toward the value of the test sequence, resetting was much less. It appears that the accumulation of information about streams in different frequency regions is sensitive to sudden changes in parameters, even when they affect the frequency regions equally. This prevents the system from accumulating data across unrelated events. 相似文献
777.
The Psychological Record - It was previously found (Arm us, 1986, 1988, 1990) that greater response effort requirements led to a greater percentage of short (< 1 s) interresponse times... 相似文献
778.
Given the importance that generalized social trust plays in various theories of American society, recent evidence of its low levels among younger people portends ominous changes in American civic life. Using survey data collected from high school seniors over the last 20 years, this paper examines the origins of social trust among young people and the causes of change in beliefs about trust over time. Such changes could not be accounted for by the explanations for declining trust offered in other accounts of social capital. An alternative explanation, based on the theoretical accounts of Alexis de Tocqueville and Emile Durkheim, is that materialistic values may be undermining young people's views about the trustworthiness of others. Both aggregate time series correlations and an individual-level model show that the rapid rise of materialistic value orientations that occurred among American youth in the 1970s and 1980s severely eroded levels of social trust. The paper concludes with some observations about the likely trajectory of American democracy, given the kinds of trends observed in the youth data. 相似文献
779.
Locus of control and self-esteem were examined as moderators of links between negative life events and psychological symptoms in 238 young people 8 to 16 years old. Results indicated that locus of control buffered the effects of stressors on psychological symptoms, and the pattern of buffering did not differ by age or gender. Self-esteem buffered the link between Stressors and symptoms, but only for girls. Further analyses with girls only revealed a conjunctive moderation effect of locus of control and self-esteem: When faced with many negative life events, girls who have both an external locus of control and low esteem show the highest psychological maladjustment.The writing of this article was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Training grant 5 T 32 MH18387-03 in Child Mental Health/Primary Prevention. 相似文献
780.
Three theories of auditory stream segregation were evaluated. In two-part trials, subjects heard an induction sequence, whose effects upon an immediately subsequent test sequence were measured. The rhythm and total duration of Induction Sequence tones were varied in two experiments. The similarity between induction and test sequences aided segregation, but rhythmic predictability and longer tone durations did not. Frequency alternation during the induction sequence was not necessary to induce segregation in the test sequence. Furthermore, peripheral processes inadequately account for the segregation effects found. The data suggest that, once a distinct percept emerges from an auditory scene, properties derived from the percept (particularly changes) are fed back to control the ongoing analysis of that auditory scene. A neural adaptation to stimuli with constant properties may form part of this analysis. 相似文献