全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21630篇 |
免费 | 81篇 |
国内免费 | 80篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 3510篇 |
2017年 | 2851篇 |
2016年 | 2277篇 |
2015年 | 227篇 |
2014年 | 115篇 |
2013年 | 185篇 |
2012年 | 631篇 |
2011年 | 2460篇 |
2010年 | 2572篇 |
2009年 | 1549篇 |
2008年 | 1777篇 |
2007年 | 2244篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 272篇 |
2004年 | 208篇 |
2003年 | 145篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 53篇 |
2000年 | 72篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
201.
In the aftermath of several school shooting incidents in recent years, students’ perceptions of unsafe schools has been a
major concern for parents, teachers, school officials, school practitioners, and policy-makers. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological
systems framework, we examined the micro-, meso-, and exosystem level factors associated with perceptions of unsafe school
environments in a nationally representative sample of 10- to 15-year-old youth in the United States. We found that for the
socio-demographic characteristics, students who were older, male, and poor had increased risks of perceiving higher levels
of unsafe school environments. Within the microsystem of the family, our results indicate that parent-youth discussions of
school activities/events decreased the risk of students perceiving unsafe schools. All of the school environment variables—ease
of making friends, teachers’ involvement, observed weapon carrying, and school rule enforcement—were related in the expected
direction to students’ perceiving their schools as unsafe. At the mesosystem level, findings from our study demonstrate that
variables measuring parental school involvement were unrelated to perceptions of school safety. Finally, at the exosystem
level, we found that students’ perceptions of residing in a safer neighborhood and residence in a non-central city metropolitan
area, compared with a central city, decreased the odds of perceiving school environments as unsafe. School policy and practice
implications are discussed. 相似文献
202.
Academic buoyancy refers to a positive, constructive, and adaptive response to the types of challenges and setbacks experienced in a typical and everyday academic setting. In this project we examined whether academic buoyancy explained any additional variance in test anxiety over and above that explained by coping. Two hundred and ninety-eight students in their final two years of compulsory schooling completed self-report measures of academic buoyancy, coping, and test anxiety. Results suggested that buoyancy was inversely related to test anxiety and unrelated to coping. With the exception of test-irrelevant thoughts, test anxiety was positively related to avoidance coping and social support. Test-irrelevant thoughts were inversely related to task focus, unrelated to social support, and positively related to avoidance. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that academic buoyancy explained a significant additional proportion of variance in test anxiety when the variance for coping had already been accounted for. These findings suggest that academic buoyancy can be considered as a distinct construct from that of adaptive coping. 相似文献
203.
In the present study, introductory-level German students read a simplified story and learned the meanings of new German words
by reading English translations in marginal glosses versus trying to infer (i.e., guess) their translations. Students who
inferred translations were given feedback in English or in German, or no feedback at all. Although immediate retention of
new vocabulary was better for students who used marginal glosses, students who inferred word meanings and then received English
feedback forgot fewer translations over time. Plausible but inaccurate inferences (i.e., those that made sense in the context)
were more likely to be corrected by students who received English feedback as compared with German feedback, providing support
for the beneficial effects of mediating information. Implausible inaccurate inferences, however, were more likely to be corrected
on the delayed vocabulary test by students who received German feedback as compared with English feedback, possibly because
of the additional contextual support provided by German feedback. 相似文献
204.
A positive relationship between prior knowledge and item memory is a consistent finding in the literature. In the present
study, we sought to determine whether this relationship extends to episodic details that are present at the time of encoding,
namely source memory. Using a novel experimental design, we were able to show both between- and within-subjects effects of
prior knowledge on source memory. Specifically, the results revealed that the degree of prior knowledge positively predicted
memory for source specifying contextual details. In addition, by including two conditions in which attention was divided either
at encoding or retrieval, we were able to show that prior knowledge influences memory by affecting encoding processes. Overall,
the data suggest that a priori knowledge within a specific domain allows attentional resources to be allocated toward the
encoding of contextual details. 相似文献
205.
The type of experience involved with an object category has been regarded as one important factor in shaping of the human
object recognition system. Laboratory training studies have shown that different kinds of learning experience with the same
set of novel objects resulted in different perceptual and neural changes. Whether this applies to natural real-world objects
remains to be seen. We compared two groups of observers who had different learning experiences with faces, using holistic
processing as a dependent measure. We found that, while ordinary observers had extensive individuation experience with faces
and displayed typical holistic face processing, art students who had acquired additional experience in drawing faces, and
thus in attending to parts of a face, showed less holistic processing than did ordinary observers. These results converge
with laboratory training studies on the role of type of experience in the development of different perceptual markers for
different object categories. It is thus insufficient to categorize expertise simply in terms of object domains (e.g., expertise
with faces). Instead, perceptual expertise should be classified in terms of the underlying process or task demand. 相似文献
206.
Schwartz LA Kazak AE Derosa BW Hocking MC Hobbie WL Ginsberg JP 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2012,19(2):138-146
In addition to the potential for ongoing health concerns, adolescent and young adult (AYA) childhood cancer survivors frequently
report posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The current study examines whether beliefs about health moderate the relationship
between the number of health problems and PTSS 2 months later in 140 survivors. Beliefs, as measured by scales of the Health
Competence Beliefs Inventory (HCBI), negatively related to PTSS while health problems positively related to PTSS. Three scales
of the HCBI-health perceptions, satisfaction with healthcare and cognitive competence—were significant moderators. The relationship
between health problems and PTSS was stronger in the presence of less adaptive beliefs. These beliefs represent potentially
malleable intervention targets for reducing PTSS in childhood cancer survivors. 相似文献
207.
We are constantly exposed to our own face and voice, and we identify our own faces and voices as familiar. However, the influence
of self-identity upon self-speech perception is still uncertain. Speech perception is a synthesis of both auditory and visual
inputs; although we hear our own voice when we speak, we rarely see the dynamic movements of our own face. If visual speech
and identity are processed independently, no processing advantage would obtain in viewing one’s own highly familiar face.
In the present experiment, the relative contributions of facial and vocal inputs to speech perception were evaluated with
an audiovisual illusion. Our results indicate that auditory self-speech conveys a processing advantage, whereas visual self-speech
does not. The data thereby support a model of visual speech as dynamic movement processed separately from speaker recognition. 相似文献
208.
Pratt, Adam, and Fischer (2007) investigated the effect of surrounding targets on the time it took to move to an individual target and found that the movement
time to a central target was above the Fitts’s law line related to the first and last targets. They explained their results
in terms of a “visuomotor hypothesis.” Here, an alternative explanation is given in terms of a previously validated model
of the “available target width” that is determined by the size of the target and the width of the finger pad that is being
used to hit the target. 相似文献
209.
This article examined the impact of unscorable item responses on the psychometric validity and practical interpretability of scores on the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2/Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF). In analyses conducted with five archival samples, we found that relatively large proportions of unscorable responses (defined as 10% or more of the items scored on a scale) were relatively uncommon, occurring most often in forensic samples. Simulated unscorable responses were inserted in varying proportions (10% to 90%) in place of the responses of participants in two of the archival samples for which criterion data were available. Analyses were conducted to gauge the impact of unscorable responses on the criterion validity of scores on these scales and their interpretability. Impact on validity was evaluated by examining correlations with extra-test variables as a function of increasing levels of unscorable responding. Interpretability was evaluated by examining the proportion of participants who produced clinically elevated RC Scale scores as a function of unscorable responding. Results indicate that whereas scale score validity was relatively robust up to a level of 50% unscorable responses, interpretability was substantially compromised at only 10% unscorable responding. This suggests that prorated scores may be used to correct for the impact of unscorable responses on the interpretability of RC Scale scores at levels as high as 50% unscorable responses. Classification analyses supported this possibility. Further steps needed to explore the feasibility of using prorated scores are discussed. 相似文献
210.
Ecological valence theory (EVT; Palmer & Schloss, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:8877–8882, 2010) proposes that color preferences are due to affective responses to color-associated objects: That is, people generally like
colors to the degree that they like the objects associated with those colors. Palmer and Schloss found that the average valence
of objects associated with a color, when weighted by how well the objects matched the color (weighted affective valence estimates:
WAVE) explained 80% of the variation in preference across colors. Here, we replicated and extended Palmer and Schloss’s investigation
to establish whether color–object associations can account for sex differences in color preference and whether the relationship
between associated objects and color preference is equally strong for males and females. We found some degree of sex specificity
to the WAVEs, but the relationship between WAVE and color preference was significantly stronger for males than for females
(74% shared variance for males, 45% for females). Furthermore, analyses identified a significant inverse relationship between
the number of objects associated with a color and preference for the color. Participants generally liked colors associated
with few objects and disliked colors associated with many objects. For the sample overall and for females alone, this association
was not significantly weaker than the association of the WAVE and preference. The success of the WAVE at capturing color preference
was partly due to the relationship between the number of associated objects and color preference. The findings identify constraints
of EVT in its current form, but they also provide general support for the link between color preference and color–object associations. 相似文献