基于心灵知觉理论的AI服务用户接受机制及使用促进策略

许多企业采用人工智能服务应答顾客需求,然而多项研究指出用户并不总是对此感到满意。本研究围绕着用户对AI的心灵知觉的产生和影响,探索了驱动用户对AI服务态度的关键因素及使用促进策略,包括(1)机理分析层面：用户与AI早期接触的线索和体验因素如何使得人们产生了AI“擅长计算却缺乏感受”的心灵知觉？(2)调节作用层面：不同的用户内部状态和AI外部特征怎样调节了这种心灵知觉的形成和激活？(3)促进策略层面：将AI拟动物化和提供技术援助为何能借助心灵知觉使得用户在更广泛的场景中接受来自AI的服务？本研究试图在学理层面构建一个基于心灵知觉理论的新型AI服务接受模型,为从理论上解释用户对AI服务的矛盾态度提供心理学参考;同时试图在实践层面上借助心灵知觉理论提出两种促进用户接受AI服务的路径方法,为企业在服务中提升AI的应用效能提供技术参考。     

Perceptions of fear in other Children and adolescents: The role of gender and friendship status

Gender differences in fear were examined in 693 Chinese children and adolescents. Subjects were asked to rate their own fears, the fears of their best friends, and the fears of other classmates using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children — Revised (Ollendick, 1983). Consistent with previous investigations in Western and Eastern countries, girls rated themselves as more fearful than boys. In addition, both girls and boys rated their best friends as similar in number, content, and intensity of fears. However, girls rated their classmates as less fearful than themselves or their best friends, while boys rated their classmates as more fearful than themselves or their best friends. Findings are discussed in terms of gender role expectations and similarity-attraction hypotheses.     

论数学能力的研究与认知理论的关系

本文对关于数学能力的实质的心理学研究作了历史的回顾,其中包括心理计量学、认知科学和心理学中的认知发展等几个领域的研究工作。文中揭示了在这几个领域的研究中存在着的几个共同问题。作者认为需要假借这些不同的研究领域中的研究方法,创造新的信息加工的方法以揭示数学能力及其发展的实质。     

双眼立体视觉的信息加工Ⅰ.视差和空间频谱的关系

本文分三部分;也是三个步骤: Ⅰ.根据视差用计算机产生立体图对; Ⅱ.立体图对的空间频谱; Ⅲ.视差和空间频谱的关系。 得到一些结果: 1.具有视差的立体图对的空间频谱高峰有相对的位移。 2.移动的偏向和三维物体离观察者的远近有关,如果是一个单调变化的物体,则离人近的一侧频谱高峰向高频方向移,离人远的一侧向低频方向移。 3.移动的多少是和三维物体的平均深度变化率有关,变化率愈大移得愈多。 4.高峰的峰值则和三维物体的绝对深度有关。     

儿童拒绝敏感性与自我知觉的关系:一项交叉滞后研究

采用儿童拒绝敏感性问卷与儿童自我知觉量表对596名中小学儿童进行了为期一年的追踪调查,通过交叉滞后回归分析考察儿童拒绝敏感性与多种自我知觉间的预测关系。结果发现：（1）自我知觉的年级差异显著,初中儿童的自我知觉水平较低;（2）在两次测量中,拒绝敏感性与多种自我知觉均呈显著的负相关;（3）控制性别、年级以及自身稳定性之后,第一年的多种自我知觉均可以负向预测第二年的拒绝敏感性,而第一年的拒绝敏感性仅可以负向预测第二年的体貌及一般自我知觉;（4）年级调节了拒绝敏感性与一般和行为自我知觉间的纵向关系,并在小学与初中儿童中表现出不同的模式。研究证实自我知觉是儿童拒绝敏感性形成的重要原因之一,为儿童社会认知及心理健康的相关研究提供新的实证依据。     

Testing domain general learning in an Australian lizard

A key question in cognition is whether animals that are proficient in a specific cognitive domain (domain specific hypothesis), such as spatial learning, are also proficient in other domains (domain general hypothesis) or whether there is a trade-off. Studies testing among these hypotheses are biased towards mammals and birds. To understand constraints on the evolution of cognition more generally, we need broader taxonomic and phylogenetic coverage. We used Australian eastern water skinks (Eulamprus quoyii) with known spatial learning ability in three additional tasks: an instrumental and two discrimination tasks. Under domain specific learning we predicted that lizards that were good at spatial learning would perform less well in the discrimination tasks. Conversely, we predicted that lizards that did not meet our criterion for spatial learning would likewise perform better in discrimination tasks. Lizards with domain general learning should perform approximately equally well (or poorly) in these tasks. Lizards classified as spatial learners performed no differently to non-spatial learners in both the instrumental and discrimination learning tasks. Nevertheless, lizards were proficient in all tasks. Our results reveal two patterns: domain general learning in spatial learners and domain specific learning in non-spatial learners. We suggest that delineating learning into domain general and domain specific may be overly simplistic and we need to instead focus on individual variation in learning ability, which ultimately, is likely to play a key role in fitness. These results, in combination with previously published work on this species, suggests that this species has behavioral flexibility because they are competent across multiple cognitive domains and are capable of reversal learning.     

扩大内需:基于“母市场效应”的理论评述

本文主要对母市场效应理论进行文献评述。描述了Krugman关于母市场效应理论的最初模型,并介绍了对母市场效应的理论拓展和实证检验,文章最后提出了在中国出口市场面临一定变化和强调扩大内需条件下对中国制造业出口的母市场效应进行实证检验的一些设想。     

维吾尔族三语者的非熟练第三语言的概念表征特征

使用跨语言启动条件下的真假词汇判断任务,以母语为维语,第二语言为汉语,第三语言为英语的维吾尔族大学生为被试。通过两个实验探讨了维吾尔族三语者不熟练的第三语言的语义表征特点,即他们的第三语言的语义是共同存储还是独立存储问题。结果发现,跨语言的启动条件下,在实验一,启动刺激（维语）与目标刺激（英语）之间具有语义联想关系时,产生了显著的启动效应。在实验二,启动刺激（英语）与目标刺激（维语）之间没有产生语义启动效应。这些结果表明,被试的第三语言的语义概念表征是同第一语言的概念表征共同存储的;被试的母语较容易启动第三语言,但非熟练的第三语言不太容易启动母语,这是因为被试的第三语言还没有达到一定程度的熟练水平。     

组织间信任研究述评

随着组织联盟与合作的增多,组织间信任问题日益得到研究者关注。文章尝试从动、静态的角度对组织间信任的前因变量和结果变量进行梳理：单方组织层面的人口学特征及获得性特征,以及涉及双方互动层面的过去经历、目前状态及未来期望等因素会影响组织间信任的建立,降低双方合作的风险;而已经形成的组织间信任又会起到促进新知识的应用,提高联盟绩效及合作满意度的作用。今后的研究应关注组织信任的多层次分析、重视研究对象领域和地域的多样化以及互动（配对）和纵向数据的收集等。