中国当代研究生的情感素质现状及其影响因素

为揭示当代研究生情感素质及所受因素影响状况, 用自编问卷调查全国3类地区14座城市51所高校的10056名研究生。结果发现：研究生情感素质呈2层面6大类33种情感的结构; 爱国感、责任感、信用感、自立感、自尊感、成就感等水平较高, 正直感、宽恕感、人文美感、表达自己情绪能力等较低; 不同性别、获奖经历、学科研究生的情感素质有结构性差异; 核心价值观认同、对舆论关注、人际关系、自我要求等对其情感素质有正向影响; 研究生理智情感等高于本专科生。总之, 当代研究生情感素质总体尚好, 各部分发展不均衡, 发展水平受社会、人际和自我等多方因素影响。     

心理咨询与治疗研究中的质性研究

心理咨询与治疗研究与实践长期存在脱节现象;心理咨询与治疗研究需要研究方法的多元化与科学化.质性研究方法的应用能在一定程度上解决心理咨询与治疗领域所面临的这两个问题.本文对质性研究方法应用于心理咨询与治疗研究的背景和现状进行综述,以期能对国内心理咨询与治疗研究者提供思考和借鉴.     

聋童与正常儿童对多种信念的认知

选取了122名3～12岁聋童,并分别用65名3～5岁的正常儿童作对照,开展了2个实验系列,探讨了儿童的正确信念、一级错误信念及二级错误信念认知的发展特点.结果如下: (1)聋童及正常儿童信念认知的发展过程中,无论是关于正确信念,还是关于一级错误信念,都是先发展自我信念认知,再发展他人信念认知;(2)关于正确信念、一级错误信念和二级错误信念认知的发展,聋童都比正常儿童滞后,但两者的发展趋势一致; (3)手语聋童在信念认知上略好于口语聋童; (4)父母为聋人或父母会手语的聋童,以及兄弟姐妹会手语的聋童,其信念认知水平要比其他聋童好.     

The Contributions of Personality to Organizational Behavior and Psychology: Findings,Criticisms, and Future Research Directions

Skepticism regarding the importance of personality traits as predictors of organizational behavior criteria has given way to an appreciation of the broad array of work outcomes predicted by personality. This article considers the effects of the five‐factor model (‘Big Five’) personality traits on the following work outcomes: (1) job performance; (2) work motivation; (3) job attitudes; (4) leadership; (5) power, politics, and influence; (6) stress, adaptability, and coping; (7) team effectiveness; (8) counterproductive/deviant workplace behaviors; (9) workplace accidents; and (10) conflict and negotiation. Two contemporary criticisms of personality research in organizational behavior – that the validities are small and that faking undermines the usefulness of personality inventories in employment contexts – are then evaluated. Finally, a brief agenda for future research is provided which highlights needed areas of advancement.     

《中国高血压防治指南》2005年修订版要点解析

指南是依据流行病学和大规模随机临床试验的最佳证据而修订的.指南的要点是:从110/75mmHg开始,人群血压水平与心血管病发生危险呈连续相关;正常高值血压(120～139mmHg/80～89mmHg)应改善生活方式以预防高血压发生;2002年调查我国有1.6亿高血压患者,但知晓率、治疗年和控制率很低;降低高血压患者的血压水平是预防脑卒中及心脏事件的根本.     

社会主义荣辱观教育的一本佳作——评《给孩子的心灵甘露——社会主义荣辱观教育家长读本》

一批多年从事家庭教育研究的专家集体撰写的《给孩子的心灵甘露--社会主义荣辱观教育家长读本》是一本对少年儿童进行荣辱观教育的很有价值的书.该书不仅对少年儿童的健康成长犹如"心灵甘露",而且也为家长和教育工作者提供了教子育人的义方.这本书不仅着眼于荣辱观教育,而且着眼于人的科学文化素养和思想道德素质的提高,让孩子"有一个志向,报效祖国;有一颗爱心,能行善举;有一双慧眼,分辨美丑;有一种能力,收获成功".就其涉及的教育理念、教育内容、教育形式和方法等广博的知识来看,堪称"家教小百科".正因为如此,它出版后立即受到人们的欢迎,成为孩子喜读、父母必读、教育工作者青睐的佳作.     

关于美国对外关系中的宗教元素——记媒体的一些有关论述

记者在本刊2005年第一期上发过一篇《记中国无神论者与美国基督教徒的一次对话》,其中提到,在大多数中国人的心目中,美国是一个标榜民主和     

Fear-Related Chemosignals Modulate Recognition of Fear in Ambiguous Facial Expressions

ABSTRACT— Integrating emotional cues from different senses is critical for adaptive behavior. Much of the evidence on cross-modal perception of emotions has come from studies of vision and audition. This research has shown that an emotion signaled by one sense modulates how the same emotion is perceived in another sense, especially when the input to the latter sense is ambiguous. We tested whether olfaction causes similar sensory modulation of emotion perception. In two experiments, the chemosignal of fearful sweat biased women toward interpreting ambiguous expressions as more fearful, but had no effect when the facial emotion was more discernible. Our findings provide direct behavioral evidence that social chemosignals can communicate emotions and demonstrate that fear-related chemosignals modulate humans' visual emotion perception in an emotion-specific way—an effect that has been hitherto unsuspected.     

熟练维-汉双语者第二语言的概念表征的特征

以母语为维吾尔语,第二语言为汉语的的维吾尔族大学生为被试,使用语言内和语言间启动条件下的真假字判断任务,通过3个实验探讨了熟练的维汉双语者的第二语言的语义表征的特点,即他们的第二语言的语义表征是共同存储的还是独立存储的。结果发现,实验1语言内启动条件下,即启动刺激（维语）和目标刺激（维语）之间具有语义联想关系时,产生了显著的启动效应。实验2（启动刺激为维语,目标刺激为汉语）和实验3（启动刺激为汉语,目标刺激为维语）的跨语言启动条件下,都产生了显著的启动效应,说明被试的第二语言的语义表征是共同存储的。这些结果表明：被试的第二语言的概念表征是同第一语言的概念表征共同存储的,支持了共同存储理论。     

Individual attitudes and perceived social norms: Reports on HIV/AIDS‐related stigma among service providers in China

This study examined HIV/AIDS‐related stigma among Chinese service providers by comparing their personal attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS with their perception of social norms related to people living with HIV/AIDS. We randomly selected three provincial hospitals, four city/prefecture hospitals, 10 county hospitals, 18 township health clinics, and 54 village clinics from Yunnan, China. Doctors and nurses were randomly sampled proportionally to the doctor–nurse ratio of each hospital or clinic. Lab technicians were over‐sampled in order to include an adequate representation in the analysis. A total of 1,101 service providers participated in a voluntary, anonymous survey where demographic characteristics, individual attitude and perceived social norms toward people living with HIV/AIDS, discrimination intent at work, general prejudicial attitude and knowledge on HIV/AIDS were measured. A majority of the sample demonstrated a similarity between their personal views and what they thought most people in society believe. Multiple logistic regressions revealed that participants who were younger or reported personal contact with people living with HIV/AIDS were significantly more likely to report personal attitudes toward the population that were more liberal than their perceived social norms. Holding a more liberal personal attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS than perceived social norms was significantly and negatively related to the level of discrimination intent at work, perceived discrimination at interpersonal level and the level of general prejudicial attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Results underscored the importance of understanding social norms and personal attitudes in studying HIV‐related stigma and called for the incorporation of existing human capital into future HIV stigma reduction programs.