经济发达与欠发达地区城乡小学生自我概念的比较研究

为比较研究经济发达与欠发达地区的城乡小学生自我概念的特点,在山东省九地市分层抽取3—5年级小学生481人,用自我概念量表(SDQ)进行问卷调查。结果表明：(1)发达地区小学生自我概念高于欠发达地区;在生理外貌和一般自我概念两个因子上,城高于乡,而在其它各项上城乡差异不显著。(2)经济发达地区小学生自我概念城乡差异显著,城高于乡;而经济欠发达地区城乡无显著差异。(3)仅在自我概念的同伴关系因子上,女生高于男生;在自我概念其它各因子及总分上性别差异均不显著。(4)年级因素的主效应、性别与年级的交互作用在各项上均不显著。     

Structural equation models of latent interactions: evaluation of alternative estimation strategies and indicator construction

Interactions between (multiple indicator) latent variables are rarely used because of implementation complexity and competing strategies. Based on 4 simulation studies, the traditional constrained approach performed more poorly than did 3 new approaches--unconstrained, generalized appended product indicator, and quasi-maximum-likelihood (QML). The authors' new unconstrained approach was easiest to apply. All 4 approaches were relatively unbiased for normally distributed indicators, but the constrained and QML approaches were more biased for nonnormal data; the size and direction of the bias varied with the distribution but not with the sample size. QML had more power, but this advantage was qualified by consistently higher Type I error rates. The authors also compared general strategies for defining product indicators to represent the latent interaction factor.     

临床医学人才培养目标的探讨

通过复阅文件资料、问卷调查,从历史回顾、现状研究等着手,对新世纪医学本科人才培养目标进行了探讨。提出临床医学专业本科人才的总体培养目标是：面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来,具有较高的医学人文素养、较宽的医学基础理论、较强的医学实践能力,具有创新创业精神,融医疗、预防、保健、康复为一体的应用型医学人才。本研究对于进一步整体优化课程结构和改革教学内容具有十分重要的意义。     

9~11岁儿童创造性人格与欺骗行为的关系:亲子沟通质量的调节作用

本研究采用实验法与问卷法探究了创造性人格与儿童利己、利他两类动机的欺骗行为的关系及亲子沟通质量的调节作用,以317名儿童（M=9.77, SD=0.74）为被试,结果显示：（1）创造性人格对儿童利己、利他欺骗行为都具有正向预测作用;（2）父子与母子沟通质量能够负向预测儿童的利己欺骗行为,对利他欺骗行为没有显著预测作用;（3）父子沟通质量能够调节儿童创造性人格与利己、利他欺骗行为的关系：高父子沟通质量能够缓冲创造性人格对儿童利己欺骗行为的正向预测作用,高父子沟通质量也能够保护创造性人格对儿童利他欺骗行为的正向预测;（4）母子沟通质量对创造性人格与儿童利己、利他欺骗行为的关系不具有显著的调节作用。     

拒绝敏感性与边缘型人格特征的关联：一项元分析

运用元分析法整合探究拒绝敏感性与边缘型人格特征关联的已有实证研究, 旨在分析两者间的关联, 并同时考察可能影响该关联的其他变量。经过文献检索和筛选, 共纳入符合要求的原始文献50篇, 含84个效应量, 总样本量为7400人。同质性检验结果表明, 纳入研究的异质性较高, 故进一步对各影响因素变量进行了亚样本及元回归分析。结果发现, 在不同研究设计类型、被试所处地、样本类型、边缘型人格特征指标、拒绝敏感性测量类型的亚样本下, 二者之间的关联存在一定差异, 其中在横向设计、其他地区样本、混合被试、整体边缘型人格特征、量表法测量时所得的拒绝敏感性与边缘型人格特征间的关联最强; 年龄与女性被试比例对该关联不存在显著影响。未来研究可通过纵向研究进一步揭示二者间的预测方向, 考察拒绝敏感性不同成分与边缘型人格特征间的关联, 并在国内开展探索二者关联的研究。     

Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence on the Associations between Core Self-Evaluations and Job Satisfaction,Work Engagement as Indices of Work-Related Well-Being

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in relation to core self-evaluations (CSE) and work-related well-being. A sample of 356 employees who are all females completed measures of CSE, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and work engagement. Results revealed that higher levels of CSE were correlated with higher levels of emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and work engagement. Higher levels of emotional intelligence were associated with greater job satisfaction and work engagement. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between CSE and work-related well-being. The results revealed the importance of emotional intelligence in order to improve occupational well-being of employees. This research makes a contribution to the potential mechanism of the relationship between CSE and work-related well-being.     

Lesson of emotions in the family: The role of emotional intelligence in the relation between filial piety and life satisfaction among Taiwanese college students

This study investigated the relationships between reciprocal filial piety beliefs, emotional intelligence, and life satisfaction among Taiwanese young adults. A total of 481 college students from Taiwan were recruited for the study. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyze the data. The analysis produced the following results. First, reciprocal filial piety was positively related to all of the four types of emotional intelligence: self‐emotional appraisal (SEA), others' emotional appraisal (OEA), regulation of emotion (ROE), and use of emotion (UOE). Second, both ROE and UOE had a positive association with life satisfaction whereas SEA and OEA had a nonsignificant association with life satisfaction. Third, the two types of emotional intelligence, ROE and UOE, mediated the relation between reciprocal filial piety and young adults' life satisfaction. The findings suggest that reciprocal filial piety, representing high‐quality interaction between children and parents, can facilitate individuals' ability to control and use their emotions, which in turn improves their life satisfaction.     

Unitization mitigates interference by intrinsic negative emotion in familiarity and recollection of associative memory: Electrophysiological evidence

Emotion exerts varied influences on memory. While task-relevant item memory is often enhanced by emotion, associative memory is generally impaired. Unitization is known to improve associative memory, but its effects and mechanisms in protecting associative memory from emotional interference are rather obscure. The current study investigated associative memory by employing experimental manipulation of unitization (vs. nonunitization) encoding strategy and stimulus emotion (neutral, intrinsic negative, and extrinsic negative), combined with event-related potential (ERP) signatures of familiarity (FN400 old/new effects) and recollection (parietal late positive component/LPC old/new effects) in memory recognition. Both behavioral and ERP indices of associative recognition from the nonunitization group confirmed emotional interference in associative memory. Importantly, it was primarily intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) emotion that impeded associative memory. Unitization encoding improved memory performance in general, accompanied by enhanced recollection process and induction of familiarity process, which is typically not involved in associative memory recognition and was indeed absent in the nonunitization group. Importantly, unitization helped to preserve behavioral performance (specifically, response speed though not recognition strength) from interference by intrinsic emotion while largely reversed the detriment of intrinsic emotion on ERP indices of familiarity and recollection processes. Interestingly, a synergy between intrinsic emotion and unitization encoding was observed, which could underpin the facilitation of familiarity process in associative recognition of emotional pairs. Overall, current findings highlight interference by intrinsic emotion in associative memory, which is nonetheless responsive to mitigation by unitization encoding.     

The Acquisition of Exhaustive Pairing in Multiple Wh-Questions in Mandarin

The comprehension of paired wh-questions is examined in child Mandarin, to compare the age of acquisition with that of children speaking European languages like English and German. In Study 1, participants were 734 Mandarin speakers aged 2;6–7;11, drawn from four regions of China. Results reveal a striking parallel between the acquisition of exhaustive answers in Mandarin and that in languages with wh-movement. The significant correlation with children’s exhaustive interpretations of the universal quantifier every (dou) also parallels findings in English. In Study 2, the performance of children (N?=?100) identified as having language impairment is compared to that of non-impaired children (N?=?130), and the results support the idea that answering these paired wh-questions is a potential semantic deficit in language-delayed children.