Translating External Knowledge to Team Creativity in Turbulent Environments: The Role of Absorptive Capacity and Knowledge Integration

In seeking to understand factors contributing to team creativity in dynamic environments, we explored the role of external knowledge search on team creativity through absorptive capacity and knowledge integration. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 96 teams involving 421 employees in China. Results demonstrated that external knowledge search related positively to team creativity, fully mediated by both absorptive capacity and knowledge integration. In addition, environmental dynamism played a moderating role in the relation between external knowledge search and absorptive capacity, as well as in the relation between external knowledge search and knowledge integration. We discussed the implications of these findings for research and practice.     

Optimal pedaling rate in bicycle ergometer exercise determined by probe reaction time

The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal pedaling rate in bicycle ergometer exercise by measuring probe reaction time, which is a good indicator of attention demand, by changing workloads and pedaling rates, and to discuss the relevant rhythm of lower limb movement. Subjects were 19 healthy men whose M age was 22.8 yr. They were instructed to pedal a bicycle ergometer, and their reaction time at different workloads and pedaling rates was measured to estimate an optimal pedaling rate. Probe reaction time was measured under the conditions as follows: pedaling rate of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 rpm at each workload of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 watts. The estimated values obtained by regression analysis for pedaling rate to give the minimum probe reaction time were 63.5 rpm for 40 watts, 58.8 rpm for 60 watts, 61.3 rpm for 80 watts, 63.4 rpm for 100 watts, and 64.8 rpm for 120 watts. These results indicated that the optimal pedaling rate was approximately 60 rpm regardless of the workload.     

Location and binding in visual working memory

Visual working memory (VWM) wa sexplored separatelyfor features and for their binding. Features were better recognized when the probes retained the same binding as in the original display, but changing the locations had little effect overall. However, there were strong interactions of location with binding and with matching or new features, suggesting that, when objects are attended, features and locations are spontaneously integrated in VWM. Despite this, when the locations arechanged, features can also be accessed with little decrement, perhaps from separate feature maps. Bindings, on the other hand, are more vulnerable to location changes, suggesting that locations play a central role in the early maintenance and retrieval of bound objects as well as in their initial encoding, at least when verbal coding is prevented. The results qualify past claims about the separation of locations and objects in VWM.     

The role of visual short-term memory in empty cell localization

Three experiments examined the visual memory representation supporting performance at long interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in an empty cell localization task. Two arrays of dots within a 4 x 4 grid were displayed briefly in succession. One grid cell did not contain a dot in either array, and the task was to localize the empty cell. In Experiment 1, we replicated previous findings of recovery to high levels of performance at long ISIs. In Experiment 2, we tested whether figural grouping in visual short-term memory (VSTM) supports long-ISI performance by manipulating the complexity of the array pattern. Pattern complexity had no effect on empty cell localization at 0-msec ISI, suggesting dependence on high-capacity visible persistence, but there was a large simple pattern advantage at long ISIs, suggesting dependence on figural grouping in VSTM. Experiment 3 demonstrated that participants typically remember the empty cells of the first array, and not the dots, for comparison with Array 2.     

More than a feeling: discrete emotions mediate the relationship between relative deprivation and reactions to workplace furloughs

A key insight from investigations of individual relative deprivation (IRD) is that people can experience objective disadvantages differently. In this study, university faculty (N = 953) who reported greater IRD in response to a mandatory furlough (i.e., involuntary pay reductions) were more likely to (a) voice options designed to improve the university (voice), (b) consider leaving their job (exit), and (c) neglect their work responsibilities (neglect), but were (d) less likely to express loyalty to the university (loyalty). Consistent with the emotions literature, (a) anger mediated the relationship between IRD and voice, (b) fear between IRD and exit, (c) sadness between IRD and neglect, and (d) gratitude between IRD and loyalty. IRD was inversely associated with self-reported physical and mental health via these different emotional pathways. These results show how discrete emotions can explain responses to IRD and, in turn, contribute to organizational viability and the health of its members.     

测试阶段启动导致的错误记忆

该研究采用DRM范式探讨测试阶段启动导致的错误记忆现象。实验一采用传统"测试诱导启发程序"探讨关键诱饵前词数以及关键诱饵前词是否启动关键诱饵对错误再认的影响。实验二改进传统"测试诱导启发程序"排除反应定势影响下进一步考察实验一两自变量对关键诱饵错误再认的影响。结果表明:(1)测试阶段的启动确实对错误记忆有影响,关键诱饵前呈现6个词比呈现3个词引发更多的错误记忆,但是比起学习阶段的语义联想激活测试阶段的语义启动效应很微弱,关键诱饵前呈现启动词与非启动词对错误记忆影响不显著。(2)在排除反应定势后的不确定条件下,"赌徒谬误"心理对被试判断起一定作用。     

西方心理学的马克思主义研究取向评述

当今国外心理学研究的各流派中涌现出了马克思主义新取向。这显示了马克思主义思想要素的影响力及其对心理学科发展的积极贡献,体现出马克思主义新的生命活力和科学创新精神。但同时,心理学的马克思主义取向研究也遇到了巨大的阻抗力量,马克思主义也面临着严峻的考验。当前,如何认识心理学研究中马克思主义的理论资源,在辩证唯物主义精神的指引下推动心理学的研究,是中国心理学界需要进一步研究和解决的重大问题之一。     

倒置效应与专家技术的研究进展

文章回顾了国内外倒置效应和专家技术的相关研究,并提出了目前在该研究领域中存在的分歧和争议。基于此,文章建议今后在研究中需要解决视觉差异、生理基础差异及认知模块的解剖和功能的定位等方面的问题,提出未来研究的方向。     

唐人小说文献中的嗜酒仙人与唐代的酒文化

在《太平广记》所收录的唐五代小说文献中,唐代的仙人都喜欢饮酒,酒肆是仙人常常出入的场所:《太平广记》卷三十五引《仙传拾遗》中《冯大亮》一文中写道,冯大亮家置酒肆,     

论心理学的整合观

分裂与整合是当代心理学理论研究的一个热点问题。心理学分裂的根源在于对人的二重性的片面解读,重塑完整的人的形象是心理学摆脱危机的正确出路。现有的整合观基本上属于心理学"西化"传统的延续。结合中国传统文化,重新树立心理学整合观具有"被解放的心理学"的性质。在中国传统文化要义"和而不同"的基础上实现心理学的整合,是统合两种研究范式、摆脱学科分裂危机的有效途径。