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21.
Chad Ebesutani Adam Bernstein Brad J. Nakamura Bruce F. Chorpita Charmaine K. Higa-McMillan John R. Weisz The Research Network on Youth Mental Health 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):373-384
This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology and discriminative analyses to examine the correspondence
of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales and empirically-derived syndrome scales with clinical diagnoses in a clinic-referred sample of children and
adolescents (N = 476). Although results demonstrated that the CBCL Anxiety, Affective, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional and
Conduct Problems DSM-oriented scales corresponded significantly with related clinical diagnoses derived from parent-based structured interviews,
these DSM-oriented scales did not evidence significantly greater correspondence with clinical diagnoses than the syndrome scales in
all cases but one. The DSM-oriented Anxiety Problems scale was the only scale that evidenced significantly greater correspondence with diagnoses above
its syndrome scale counterpart —the Anxious/Depressed scale. The recently developed and rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales thus generally do not add incremental clinical utility above that already afforded by the syndrome scales
with respect to corresponding with diagnoses. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
22.
Research comparing cultural and ethnic groups on child psychopathology has relied heavily on parent reports. But don't parents' own cultural backgrounds bias their reports, undermining valid assessment of actual child behavior? The question is hard to address because parent and child culture tend to be confounded. To solve this problem, we assembled an unusual but heuristically valuable sample: 50 bicultural families, each with an ethnic Thai parent reared in Thailand and a Caucasian parent reared in the U.S. Parents in each pair independently completed standardized problem checklists on the same child in their family. Across all 10 empirically derived problem syndromes, no parental culture effect was either significant or larger than "small," by Cohen's (1988) standards; across all 140 specific problems, the mean percent of variance accounted for by parent culture was less than 1%. Results do not point to a biasing effect of parental culture. 相似文献
23.
24.
The social satiation effect is the inverse relation between the availability of a social stimulus and its subsequent efficacy in a reinforcing role. According to a suggested cognitive-interactive theory, the satiation effect is mediated by children's attributions of contingency between their own behavior and the experimenter's actions in the satiation treatments. Perceived contingencies depend, at least to an extent, on actual contingencies, and it was therefore predicted that a satiation effect would be observed only for groups presented in the satiation treatment with noncontingent social stimuli but not for groups presented with contingent stimuli. Middle-class 5- and 7-year-old children were subjected to a 10-min waiting period in which the stimulus word “Yafeh” (“good” in English) was presented 2 or 20 times, contingently or noncontingently. They were then given a 75-trial binary discrimination test: correct responses were reinforced with “Yafeh”. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of variance. However, the predicted difference between the slopes of the contingency and noncontingency conditions was found clearly only in the older sample, while the younger children were more influenced by the number of social stimuli presented in the treatment (satiation) and less influenced by the method of stimulus presentation. 相似文献
25.
John R. Weisz Geri R. Donenberg Susan S. Han Danika Kauneckis 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(1):83-106
In a recent article, Weisz, Weiss, and Donenberg (1992) compared the effects of child and adolescent psychotherapy in experimental studies and in studies of clinic practice. Here we update that report with new information and we explore 10 possible reasons why, to date, therapy in experiments appears to have shown larger effect sizes than therapy in clinics. We find that beneficial therapy effects are associated with three factors which are more common in research therapy than in clinic therapy: (a) the use of behavioral (including cognitive-behavioral) methods, (b) reliance on specific, focused therapy methods rather than mixed and eclectic approaches, and (c) provision of structure (e.g., through treatment manuals) and monitoring (e.g., through review of therapy tapes) to foster adherence to treatment plans. These three factors all involve dimensions along which clinic procedures could be altered. 相似文献
26.
Current evidence-based assessment methods, such as structured interviews and lengthy assessment batteries, often require hours to administer, score, and interpret and thus are infrequently used in real-world practice. As evidence-based assessment tools are developed for implementation in real-world youth mental health settings, the transportability properties of assessment procedures (including administration and interpretation burden) need to be considered and improved. In the present study, we thus conducted an initial feasibility study using a clinical sample of community-based youths (N = 306) to develop an assessment protocol based on 2 child and 2 parent self-report questionnaires (thus low on administration burden). Using decision-tree analysis, we identified a series of cutoff scores across these scales that may be used to inform treatment need related to anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and disruptive behavior problems. This algorithm-based approach to interpreting assessment information provided clear and simple guidelines (thus low on interpretation burden) that matched the best estimate treatment determinations derived by trained assessors, supervisors, and expert consultants who integrated information provided by child and parent structured interviews and self-report scales. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of developing an assessment protocol to inform various treatment allocation decisions in a way that imposes little assessment administration and interpretation burden yet maintains adequate classification accuracy. These characteristics make the proposed protocol promising with regard to its transportability and suitability for adoption and implementation in real-world mental health settings. 相似文献
27.
John R. Weisz Sarah E. Francis Sarah Kate Bearman 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(7):883-893
Extensive research has linked youth depression symptoms to low levels of perceived control, using measures that reflect primary control (i.e., influencing objective conditions to make them fit one’s wishes). We hypothesized that depressive symptoms are also
linked to low levels of secondary control (i.e., influencing the psychological impact of objective conditions by adjusting oneself to fit them). To test the hypothesis,
we developed the Secondary Control Scale for Children (SCSC), examined its psychometrics, and used it to assess the secondary control-depression symptomatology association. In
a large adolescent sample, the SCSC showed factorial integrity, internal consistency, test-retest stability, convergent and
discriminant validity, and accounted for more than 40% of the variance in depression symptoms. Consistent with evidence on
risk and gender, depression symptoms were more strongly associated with secondary control in girls and primary control in
boys. Assessing secondary control may help us understand youth depression vulnerability in girls and boys. 相似文献
28.
Chad?Ebesutani Adam?Bernstein Brad?J.?Nakamura Bruce?F.?Chorpita John?R.?Weisz The Research Network on Youth Mental Health 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(2):249-260
The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale—Parent Version (RCADS-P) is a 47-item parent-report questionnaire of youth
anxiety and depression, with scales corresponding to the DSM-IV categories of Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia,
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The
RCADS-P is currently the only parent-report questionnaire that concurrently assesses youth symptomatology of individual anxiety
disorders as well as depression in accordance with DSM-IV nosology. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the RCADS-P in a large (N = 490), clinic-referred sample of youths. The RCADS-P demonstrated favorable psychometric properties, including high internal
consistency, convergent/divergent validity, as well as strong discriminant validity—evidencing an ability to discriminate
between anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as between the targeted anxiety disorders. Support for the DSM-related six-factor
RCADS-P structure was also evidenced. This structure demonstrated superior fit to a recently suggested alternative to the
DSM-IV classification of anxiety and affective disorders—namely, the MDD/GAD “distress” factor. 相似文献
29.
30.
Emotional labor refers to effort, planning, and control required to display organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal
transactions and performed by individuals either through deep acting or surface acting. Deep acting refers to the modification
of inner feeling in order to express the organizationally desired emotions, whereas surface acting refers to the change of
emotional expression without facilitating the change of inner emotional state. The authors examined the moderating role of
emotional intelligence dimensions (self-emotional appraisal; others’ emotional appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of
emotion) in the affectivity (a general positive or negative tendency to experience a particular mood)-emotional labor and
emotional labor-psychological distress relationships among 210 university teachers. Specifically, we found that (a) regulation
of emotion was a particularly important emotional intelligence dimension in influencing the use of deep acting, both directly
and indirectly through the interaction with negative affectivity; (b) positive affectivity emerged as an important affectivity
dimension in influencing the use of deep acting both directly and indirectly through the interaction with self-emotional appraisal;
(c) negative affectivity was a particularly important affectivity dimension in influencing the use of surface acting, both
directly and indirectly through its interaction with emotional intelligence dimensions of self-emotional appraisal and use
of emotion; and finally (d) regulation of emotion interacted with deep acting to influence the psychological distress arising
from EL requirements. 相似文献