海岱地区古代文明的地理环境与远古居民

海岱地区既是一个历史地理和历史区域概念,又是一个当代考古学的文化类型区域概念。"海岱"地区指的是泰山周围与渤海、黄海之间的广大区域,即今山东半岛。海岱地区的特殊地理形势孕育了这一地区的远古居民,使其成为我国人类的起源地之一;海岱地区的特殊地理形势孕育了这一地区的古代文明,使其成为我国文明的发祥地之一;海岱地区的特殊地理形势塑造了这一地区古文明的特性,使其成为一个独特的文明类型。海岱地区的远古居民于考古学上叫做沂源人、新泰人等。海岱地区古代文明的主人是被我国古文献称之为"东夷"的人。西周以后,海岱地区的主要居民变成了齐人和鲁人。正是东夷人和后来的齐人、鲁人在海岱地区这块古老而神秘的大地上创造了我国最早的文明之一海岱文明。     

社会发展过程中城市老年人心理适应的柏林智慧范式研究

基于智慧显义理论,对社会发展过程中我国城市老年人的心理适应进行柏林智慧范式研究。在对上海市社区老年人(n=247)进行社会发展相关典型现实生活问题的随机抽样调查的基础上,遴选三种问题情境,通过结构性晤谈采集老年人(n=65)应对这些问题的认知-行为反应,对晤谈记录进行五个维度的评价,并且考察评价结果与生活满意度的关系。研究结果表明,受访老年人中多数表现出中度的心理适应水平,心理适应较好者具有较高的生活满意度。本研究采用的测评方式具有符合心理测量学要求的信度和效度。本研究对于生活在现代社会的城市老年人的成功老龄化心理适应辅导工作具有重要的指导意义,也有助于进一步开展成功老龄化的跨文化研究。     

Babyface effects: A double‐edged sword in healthcare service evaluations

We examine how a doctor's baby‐like facial appearance affects people's perceptions and judgments before and after a medical fraud occurs. A 2 (face type: babyfaced vs maturefaced) × 2 (doctor's gender: male vs female) × 2 (doctor's specialty: internal medicine vs surgery) between‐subjects experiment was conducted. The results indicate that a babyfaced doctor fares better than a maturefaced doctor in terms of patients' expectations, satisfaction and intended loyalty. However, having baby‐like facial features may work against a doctor who is involved in a medical fraud. The severity of a medical fraud is perceived to be greater when it involves either a babyfaced female doctor of internal medicine or a babyfaced male surgeon. After the medical fraud, this altered perception of the fraud's severity leads to reduced patient loyalty. Service evaluations based on the doctor‐patient relationship show that the doctor's baby face is a double‐edged sword.     

激情与活动——笛卡尔的激情理论辨析

在《灵魂的激情》一书开篇,笛卡尔就提出说:"尽管施者与受者通常十分不同,但是活动与激情必定总是一回事,只是为了解释两个与之相关的不同主体而有了两个名字"。笛卡尔关于激情与活动的这段文字,不但对于理解他的激情理论本身有着重要的意义,而且还有着重要的历史意义,有助于揭示笛卡尔与他的亚里士多德主义经院哲学的前辈之间的关系。最近一些学者对笛卡尔的这一十分重要却又经常遭到忽视的说法重新燃起了兴趣。当笛卡尔说"活动与激情必定总是一回事"的时候,他到底是什么意思呢?在这篇文章中,为了回答这个问题,笔者首先在对文本的梳理与分析的基础上表明笛卡尔是在两种不同的意义上来使用"激情"与"活动"这两个术语的,我们应当小心地区分开这两种不同的意义或者说用法。其次,笔者将批判性地讨论最近对笛卡尔关于激情与活动的说法所提出的三类解读。最后,笔者将提出自己的解读并对笛卡尔关于激情与活动的说法做出解释。     

Why Seemingly Trivial Events Sometimes Evoke Strong Emotional Reactions: The Role of Social Exchange Rule Violations

People sometimes display strong emotional reactions to events that appear disproportionate to the tangible magnitude of the event. Although previous work has addressed the role that perceived disrespect and unfairness have on such reactions, this study examined the role of perceived social exchange rule violations more broadly. Participants (N = 179) rated the effects of another person’s behavior on important personal outcomes, the degree to which the other person had violated fundamental rules of social exchange, and their reactions to the event. Results showed that perceptions of social exchange rule violations accounted for more variance in participants’ reactions than the tangible consequences of the event. The findings support the hypothesis that responses that appear disproportionate to the seriousness of the eliciting event are often fueled by perceived rule violations that may not be obvious to others.     

Social capital and PTSD among PLWHA in China: the mediating role of resilience and internalized stigma

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is frequent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Few studies have investigated social-psychological predictors of PTSD in China. This study aimed to examine relationships between social capital, stigma, resilience and PTSD among PLWHA in China, and to provide effective suggestions for PTSD intervention. A cross-sectional study of 520 PLWHA was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016. Survey data were collected using anonymous self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable analyses were used to examine related factors of PTSD, and causal mediation analyses were conducted to assess whether stigma and resilience were mediators. Results indicated that higher risk of PTSD was independent associated with stronger stigma, decreasing social capital and lower resilience. There was an indirect relationship of social capital on PTSD mediated through resilience and HIV-related stigma. Therefore, PTSD intervention programs should not only pay attention to the role of social capital on PTSD, but also attach importance to stigma and resilience on PTSD symptoms.     

社区老年人心理健康评价模式研究

在已有研究证据和理论框架基础上,本文对社区老年人心理健康状况(PWB)的理论构念及其多指标评价模型进行实证研究。验证性因素分析表明,从正性情感、负性情感摆脱、愿望与实际所得的符合程度以及自尊感四个核心领域对PWB进行综合评价的模型与社区老年人(N=220)测评数据的拟合度良好。研究结果也表明,根据该模型而建立的量表具有符合心理测量学要求的信度和效度,能够对社区老年人的心理健康状况进行有效评价,并可用于老年心理疾患的筛查。     

儿童假装研究综述

本文介绍了假装的定义、假装的发展、假装的实质、假装的特点、假装与心理理论的关系、及国内近期关于假装的研究,探讨了假装这一领域需要进一步研究的问题,对今后的研究提出了展望。     

痛苦共情的功能性核磁共振成像研究述评

对他人痛苦的共情是指自动模拟受痛者的情感和运动状态,以及在自我-他人区分的基础上替代性地分享和理解他人由于受痛所引发的情绪状态.痛苦共情的fMRI研究常用图片诱导范式和线索诱导范式.痛苦共情的神经机制,包括(1)疼痛矩阵(该区域在个体自身受痛时也会激活)和(2)观点采择的相关脑区.痛苦共情的水平会受到实验范式和任务,以及共情者对于受痛者态度两方面因素的共同影响.加强应用研究和推出新型范式是痛苦共情研究的当务之急.