于阗僧人法藏与兖州宋代金棺刍议

本文考证于阗僧人法藏入宋,应是使臣身份。于阗的战乱及亡国,促成法藏留居兖州。兴隆塔地宫出土的金棺纹样,包含了诸多于阗因素,是宋代佛教考古的重大发现。兴隆塔是中原人民与新疆人民友好交往的纪念碑式建筑。     

蒋湘南与伊斯兰哲学

清代著名回族学者蒋湘南不是穆斯林,但是通过将蒋湘南思想的核心观念和伊斯兰教汉文经典(汉塔布)的相关文字作比较,可以看出,伊斯兰哲学对于蒋湘南的思想,有着根本性的影响,是蒋湘南思想建构的基础资源.伊斯兰哲学对中国思想的影响,需要重视.     

Relevance theory,pragmatic inference and cognitive architecture

Relevance Theory (RT) argues that human language comprehension processes tend to maximize “relevance,” and postulates that there is a relevance-based procedure that a hearer follows when trying to understand an utterance. Despite being highly influential, RT has been criticized for its failure to explain how speaker-related information, either the speaker’s abilities or her/his preferences, is incorporated into the hearer’s inferential, pragmatic process. An alternative proposal is that speaker-related information gains prominence due to representation of the speaker within higher level goal-directed schemata. Yet the goal-based account is still unable to explain clearly how cross-domain information, for example linguistic meaning and speaker-related knowledge, is integrated within a modular system. On the basis of RT’s cognitive requirements, together with contemporary cognitive theory, we argue that this integration is realized by utilizing working memory and that there exist conversational constraints with which the constructed utterance interpretation should be consistent. We illustrate our arguments with a computational implementation of the proposed processes within a general cognitive architecture.

Abbreviations: ACT-R Adaptive Control of Thought - RationalCOGENT Cognitive Objects within a Graphical ENvironmenTCS/SS Contention Scheduling/Supervisory SystemRBCP Relevance-Based Comprehension ProcedureRT Relevance Theory     

Estimation of Controlled Direct Effects in Longitudinal Mediation Analyses with Latent Variables in Randomized Studies

Abstract

In a randomized study with longitudinal data on a mediator and outcome, estimating the direct effect of treatment on the outcome at a particular time requires adjusting for confounding of the association between the outcome and all preceding instances of the mediator. When the confounders are themselves affected by treatment, standard regression adjustment is prone to severe bias. In contrast, G-estimation requires less stringent assumptions than path analysis using SEM to unbiasedly estimate the direct effect even in linear settings. In this article, we propose a G-estimation method to estimate the controlled direct effect of treatment on the outcome, by adapting existing G-estimation methods for time-varying treatments without mediators. The proposed method can accommodate continuous and noncontinuous mediators, and requires no models for the confounders. Unbiased estimation only requires correctly specifying a mean model for either the mediator or the outcome. The method is further extended to settings where the mediator or outcome, or both, are latent, and generalizes existing methods for single measurement occasions of the mediator and outcome to longitudinal data on the mediator and outcome. The methods are utilized to assess the effects of an intervention on physical activity that is possibly mediated by motivation to exercise in a randomized study.     

明代大礼议的情礼分歧与论证方法

在明代大礼议中,议礼双方立论基础的不同可以归结为情与礼的分歧。宗法派基于宗法礼制,主张继君统必先继宗统,让皇帝改换父母;人情派基于孝道亲情,主张继统不必继嗣,维护皇帝与父母的亲子关系。双方分别从情、礼出发,主要采用考论史例、诠释经典、探究典章、借助灾异共四种方式论证自己的主张。通过分析大礼议这一生动的道德实践案例,既可以管窥道德情感与道德规范、道德理性的关系,又可以为深化认知、研究利用传统道德资源提供一种可能的途径。     

略论东周时期的民本与法治思潮

“民”字初意为神视，并非奴隶，由此方可理解何为民本。先秦血缘政治决定其政体形式带有民族特色，以此观“礼”其法律文化特征不言自明。春秋民本思潮的高扬，为后来战国改革法治提供了立法重要的借鉴参照系，从而使得地缘政治——中央与郡县制对立统一的新政体模式得以确立，自此中国历史上明确的国家形态、体制得以矗立。     

一届联系实际思想开阔的学术聚会——记中国无神论学会2010年年会暨科学无神论的理论与实践研讨会

<正>由中国无神论学会、中国社会科学院科学与无神论研究中心与新疆社会科学院、新疆师范大学联合主办的中国无神论2010年年会暨科学无神论的理论与实践研讨会于6月25-27日在神话般的乌鲁木齐昆仑宾馆举行。除主办单位之外,与会的还     

试看《1998年国际宗教自由法案》中的“宗教自由”

有些学者高调主张宗教进入社会所有公共领域,"宗教自由"是主要的法理依据,赋予宗教一厢情愿的功能则是它的理论基础。本文仅就法理而言,这类主张来自美国《国际宗教自由法案》宣扬的宗教无政府主义,实质在搅乱舆论,干涉他国内政。它驾凌于他国的法权和主权之上,也违背美国的建国宗旨和宪法原则——政教分离。所以这一《法案》在其本国无效,我们的响应者也到了该打住的时候了。