气道湿化——简单而又复杂的话题

气道湿化是指应用湿化器将溶液或水分散成极细微粒(通常为分子形式),以增加吸入气中的湿度,使气道和肺能吸入含足够水分的气体,达到湿化气道粘膜、稀释痰液、保持粘液纤毛正常运动和廓清功能的一种物理疗法.其适应证广泛,且无绝对禁忌证,是气道管理中最重要的、也是最容易被忽视的环节.其中加温湿化器和热湿交换器最受推崇,但两者的疗效孰优孰劣尚难确定,因此临床上可根据患者的具体情况灵活选择.     

《左传》、《国语》易例于《周易》之文本意义

《左传》、《国语》所载之易例,向为历代易家所重视。其间在“卜史”名义之下,掌易者实际身份之差异及《易》之实际应用方式之差异之于考察春秋时代或谓《左传》、《国语》时代《周易》文本之传播、接受及其形成情况皆负重要意义。 ．     

青少年压力:两个华人社区之比较研究

研制适合当代我国青少年的生活压力事件问卷,并对广州和澳门两地中学生的压力状况进行比较。研究一在参考前人问卷及预试的基础上编制初步问卷,用之对广州1652名初一到高三6个年级的中学生进行问卷调查,通过因素分析形成一份六维度的正式问卷,这六个维度分别是学业压力、社会人际压力、父母压力、自我发展压力、环境压力和学校-老师压力。研究二用问卷对广州和澳门两地初一到高三6个年级的中学生进行比较,结果发现,两地学生在这所有维度上均差异显著,只有环境维度广州学生感受到的压力高于澳门,其他五个维度均是澳门学生高于广州学生。     

Development of the Measure of Adaptations for Pelvic Symptoms (MAPS): the Importance of Incorporating the Female Patient’s Voice

Women with pelvic floor disorders use many adaptations in an attempt to minimize symptoms and enhance the quality of their lives. Existing condition-specific measures fail to capture the extent or impact of these adaptive behaviors. The present paper seeks to extend the women’s health literature and expand the registry of available measures to assess pelvic floor disorders by: 1) documenting the steps taken in the development and initial validation of the Measure of Adaptations for Pelvic Symptoms (MAPS); and 2) describing the added value of incorporating the patient’s voice in the instrument development process through in-depth focus groups. The rigorous process used to develop the measure (i.e., literature review, clinical experts, anecdotal patient reports, telephone-administered pilot study, and focus groups with female patients) is described. Analysis of the focus group data yielded eight important adaptation themes used to further refine the MAPS: disclosure, seclusion, being prepared, planning, clothing considerations, sexuality, order and intensity, and outlook. Specifically, focus group participants confirmed the use of sanitary pads and limiting food and beverage consumption. Women did not endorse keeping a jar or commode nearby. Discussions yielded important modifications to items about restroom use, clothing preferences, “survival kits” and “informal” pessary use. Participants described social isolation and preparations for sexual relations that led to new items. This study confirmed the value of incorporating women’s voices in the questionnaire development process through in-depth focus groups. The process revealed important patient experiences and led to significant refinements of the final measure.     

心理性作文在心理咨询与治疗中的作用

心理性作文是发轫于当代语境治疗的一种全新心理咨询辅助技术。本文就心理性作文在心理咨询过程中起到的两大作用：情绪疏导和认知调节;以及当前心理性作文理论与实践中需要注意的问题进行了介绍与分析。     

浅谈内隐学习在大学英语教学中的应用

内隐学习是一种自动的、不易觉察的、对复杂规律敏感的学习,内隐学习与学科教学的结合是近年来内隐学习研究取得的新进展。结合大学英语教学的实际,对内隐学习在大学英语教学中的应用进行了思考并提出了几点认识。     

浅谈羌民族灾后心理自我修复中的集体潜意识

5.12汶川大地震给居于四川北川、阿坝等地区的羌族人民带来了深刻的痛苦与回忆,给幸存者心理上留下了不可磨灭的阴影。灾后如何做好对其心理自我修复的引导,是一个值得关注的课题。而面对这样一个特殊的历史悠久的民族,由于他们特殊的地域性和文化背景,其灾后心理自我修复的过程就会不同于一般群体。在灾后心理自我修复的过程中,羌族人民将经历怎样的一种心理过程,这种心理过程的根源是什么?如何借助其民族文化中心灵自愈的积极元素,运用正确的方法帮助他们医治心理创伤?本文将从集体潜意识的角度做一论述。     

“热”执行对注意缺陷多动障碍和阅读障碍儿童言语工作记忆的影响

ADHD儿童在与背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)相关的"冷"执行功能上的缺陷已大量证实,但在与眼眶和中前额叶皮层(OMPFC)相关的"热"执行功能上,ADHD儿童是否存在缺陷则未可知。与儿童赌博任务实验范式(该任务中"热"启动对"冷"执行起到抑制作用)不同,本研究考察趣味言语N-back任务是否对ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的成绩有促进作用。枯燥N-back任务考察的是言语工作记忆的纯认知特征,而趣味任务则卷入了"热"执行对"冷"执行的影响。结果表明,在枯燥任务上,ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的成绩均明显低于正常儿童,二者之间差异不显著,在趣味任务成绩上,ADHD儿童与正常儿童的成绩没有显著差异,而阅读障碍儿童成绩落后于正常控制组和ADHD组,在成绩变化的趋势上,ADHD儿童在趣味任务上成绩明显提高,而阅读障碍儿童则无明显改善。结果说明ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的言语工作记忆均存在明显的缺陷,但是机制不同,"热"执行对提高ADHD的言语工作记忆有明显的促进作用,ADHD的"冷"执行缺陷能够通过"热"执行的调节得到改善。     

Role of Surface Roughness in Hysteresis during Adhesive Elastic Contact

In experiments that involve contact with adhesion between two surfaces, as found in atomic force microscopy or nanoindentation, two distinct contact force (P) vs. indentation-depth (h) curves are often measured depending on whether the indenter moves towards or away from the sample. The origin of this hysteresis is not well understood and is often attributed to moisture, plasticity or viscoelasticity. Here we report experiments that show that hysteresis can exist in the absence of these effects, and that its magnitude depends on surface roughness. We develop a theoretical model in which the hysteresis appears as the result of a series of surface instabilities, in which the contact area grows or recedes by a finite amount. The model can be used to estimate material properties from contact experiments even when the measured P-h curves are not unique.     

Applicant impression management in job interview: The moderating role of interviewer affectivity

In light of the organizational need to obtain talented personnel, an appropriate evaluation of applicant behaviour in the selection interview is crucial. Extending past research on applicant use of impression management (IM) tactics, this study examines the effects of a broad set of IM tactics in a field setting, and also investigates the moderating roles of two rarely tested interviewer characteristics: interviewer positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA). Due to the nested nature of the data, consisting of 142 job applicants and 33 interviewers, we adopt hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) to examine the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that three IM tactics (self‐focused IM, SFIM; other‐focused IM, OFIM; and non‐verbal IM, NVIM) are significantly positively related to interviewer evaluations. Furthermore, interviewer PA appears to strengthen the positive effects of SFIM tactics on interviewer evaluations, while the effects of NVIM tactics may be weaker when interviewers are high in NA. In addition, these findings suggest the importance of interviewer trait affectivity in explaining interviewer's decision‐making variability, which may lead to low inter‐rater reliability and in turn restrict the level of achievable validity.