How is a Phenomenological Reflection-Model of Self-Consciousness Possible? A Husserlian Response to E. Tugendhat’s Semantic Approach to Self-Consciousness

The problem of self-consciousness has been an essential one for philosophy since the onset of modernity. Both E. Tugendhat and the Heidelberg School represented by D. Henrich have reflected critically upon the traditional theory of self-consciousness, and both have revealed the circular dilemma of the “reflection-model” adopted by the traditional theory. In order to avoid the dilemma, they both proposed substitute formulas, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Husserl also paid particular attention to the traditional theory of self-consciousness in his phenomenology. Through the distinctions of “primal consciousness” and “reflection,” Husserl explored the core problem of the traditional theory of self-consciousness in two different dimensions. In his critique, Husserl clarified the founding relation between primal consciousness and reflection, and in contrast to Tugendhat’s semantic approach, he developed a new reflection-model of self-consciousness which effectively avoids the circular dilemma of the traditional theory and does not narrow the problem domain of that theory.     

Managing multiple chronic conditions in Singapore – Exploring the perspectives and experiences of family caregivers of patients with diabetes and end stage renal disease on haemodialysis

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the commonest cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite increasing DM-ESRD prevalence and high dependency on care, there is a lack of literature on DM-ESRD caregivers. We sought to explore the perspectives and experiences of caregivers of patients with DM undergoing haemodialysis in Singapore.

Design: This study employed an exploratory, qualitative design comprising in-depth interviews with caregivers of DM-ESRD patients.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 family caregivers (54.2 ± 12.6 years; 75% female) of DM-ESRD patients. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis.

Results: Key caregiving challenges identified were managing diet, care recipients’ emotions and mobility dependence. Patients’ emotional reactions caused interpersonal conflicts and hindered treatment management. Difficulties in dietary management were linked to patients’ erratic appetite, caregivers’ lack/poor understanding of the dietary guidelines and caregivers’ low perceived competence. Limited resources in terms of social support and finances were also noted. Physical and psychological well-being and employment were adversely affected by caregiving role.

Conclusion: This study highlights distinctive aspects of the DM-ESRD caregiving experience, which impact on caregivers’ health and challenge care. Disease management programmes should be expanded to support caregivers in dealing with multimorbidity.     

Regional gray matter volume mediates the relationship between family socioeconomic status and depression-related trait in a young healthy sample

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex phenomenon that is predicted by a broad spectrum of variables and is often conceptualized as a combination of financial, occupational, and educational influences. SES is associated with symptoms of depression and depression-related personality traits. Many studies have focused on the relationship between SES and depression symptoms in clinical subjects; however, there are few studies of the neural basis of the relationship between SES and depression-related personality traits in nonclinical subjects. Thus, in the present study, we studied the neural basis of the relationship between SES and depression-related traits. The first step was to use voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate the neuroanatomical basis underlying family SES in a large sample of healthy subjects. We found a significant negative correlation between family SES and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that extending to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Then, the mediation analysis revealed that the correlation between family SES, especially family income, and depression-related traits were mediated by the region of the mPFC that extending to the ACC volume. These findings suggest that the family income may play more important role in driving depression-related traits than that of parental education. They also suggest that the mPFC extension to the ACC may play an important role in the correlation between familial SES, especially with respect to family income and the depression-related traits.     

试析当代大学生自我意识的特点及其培养

当代大学生自我认识更具主动性和自觉性,自我评价更具广泛性,自我体验更具丰富性,自我控制能力增强,同时又存在着理想我与现实我、自信与自卑感等矛盾冲突.教育工作者应引导大学生正确认识并积极悦纳自我,培养自我控制的能力,不断地完善自我.     

人文关怀与青光眼的诊治

青光眼是一类不可逆性致盲性眼病,早期诊断、早期治疗具有十分重要的意义.眼科医师在青光眼早期诊断中应遵循最优化原则,避免过度医疗,给予患者更多的人文关怀.     

外化、异化与私有财产:并非产生于翻译的概念理解问题--《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版MEGA2概念背后的理论问题研究

马克思在<1844年经济学哲学手稿>中不仅分析和阐述了异化劳动的现象,而且尝试从异化劳动、外化劳动与私有财产关系的角度分析异化劳动产生的原因,以探索结束异化劳动的可能性.     

医患关系现状的多维视角思考的研究

依据社会学和心理学理论,从社会政治、经济、文化、心理、法律多维层面对医患关系的现状进行思考.认为其形成原因是多元的;改善途径应是全方位的;努力应是社会的;历程是漫长的;人性化的医疗服务是必要的.     

公民参与与政治文明

政治文明一般指人们改造社会所获得的先进政治成果的总和,如先进的政治制度、政治体制,先进的政治文化等。现代政治文明一般表现为:政治运行制度化、法制化;决策民主化、科学化;政治参与广泛化;政治稳定等等。其中,广泛的政治参与是现代政治文明的重要标志。因此,我们在发展社会主义民主政治,建设社会主义政治文明,实现物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展,全面建设小康社会的历史进程中,必须扩大有序的公民参与,保证人民依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的权利。公民参与的功能和价值马克思主义认为,政治在本质上是大众的…     

麦积山明代写本《报恩道场仪》及相关问题研究

麦积山石窟艺术研究所藏明代写本《报恩道场仪文》是目前国内保存最早的同类写本,共七卷,由宋代四川大中祥符寺僧人思觉集,明弘治四年(1491年)伏羌县谢子宁述,珍荆峰、永珍记。该写本对研究宋代以后的佛教、儒释融合以及四川佛教对周围的影响至为重要,本文对之作简单的介绍,并与云南发现的清代写本以及四川宝顶石刻作初步对比性研究,以引起该领域研究者的重视。