The antecedents and belief-polarized effects of thought confidence

This article investigates 2 possible antecedents of thought confidence and explores the effects of confidence induced before or during ad exposure. The results of the experiments indicate that both consumers' dispositional optimism and spokesperson attractiveness have significant effects on consumers' confidence in thoughts that are generated after viewing the advertisement. Higher levels of thought confidence will influence the quality of the thoughts that people generate, lead to either positively or negatively polarized message processing, and therefore induce better or worse advertising effectiveness, depending on the valence of thoughts. The authors posit the belief-polarization hypothesis to explain these findings.     

Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults

Research on subjective well-being suggests that it is only partly a function of environmental circumstances. There may be a personality characteristic or a resilient disposition toward experiencing high levels of well-being even in unfavorable circumstances. Adult attachment may contribute to this resilient disposition. This study examined whether the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being was mediated by Neff's (2003a, 2003b) concept of self-compassion. It also examined empathy toward others as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being. In Study 1, 195 college students completed self-report surveys. In Study 2, 136 community adults provided a cross-validation of the results. As expected, across these 2 samples, findings suggested that self-compassion mediated the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being, and emotional empathy toward others mediated the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being.     

An All-inclusive Interpretation of Aristotle’s Contemplative Life

The debate between ‘inclusive’ and ‘dominant’ interpretations of Aristotle's concept of happiness (eudaimonia) has become one of the thorniest problems of Aristotle interpretation. In this paper, I attempt to solve this problem by presenting a multi-step argument for an ‘all-inclusive’ thesis, i.e., the Aristotelian philosopher or contemplator, in the strict sense, is someone who already possesses all the intellectual virtues (except technē), all the moral virtues (by way of the possession of phronēsis), and considerable other goods. If this thesis is correct, the inclusive and dominant interpretations will converge, for the philosopher turns out to be the happiest human being both in the inclusive and dominant senses.     

瓦格纳定律与服务业增长——一个对我国服务业发展水平偏低的解释

医疗卫生、教育和社会保障等公共社会服务领域的公共支出不足是造成我国公共社会服务业发展落后进而制约我国服务业整体发展水平提高的一个主要因素。其原因包括:我国中央财政收入占GDP比重低、政府职能转变步伐慢以及我国地方政府以GDP和财政收入为导向的经济发展动力等。提高我国服务业发展水平应该逐步增加政府支出占GDP的比重、加快政府职能向公共社会服务转变、鼓励地方政府将政府支出更多投向公共社会服务领域。     

马克思主义国家理论及其当代发展——柯林·海伊教授访谈录

访谈围绕马克思恩格斯的国家理论及其遗产、列宁与葛兰西国家理论的异同及思想史效应、"密里本德-普兰查斯之争"的实质与影响、雅索普的马克思主义国家理论及当代地位这四个重大问题展开,勾勒出了马克思主义国家理论从马克思恩格斯到当代英国的基本发展线索与理论面貌。     

Parent-Child Engagement in Decision Making and the Development of Adolescent Affective Decision Capacity and Binge Drinking

The goal of this study was to investigate how parents’ engagement of their child in everyday decision-making influenced their adolescent’s development on two neuropsychological functions, namely, affective decision-making and working memory, and its effect on adolescent binge-drinking behavior.We conducted a longitudinal study of 192 Chinese adolescents. In 10th grade, the adolescents were tested for their affective decision-making ability using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and working memory capacity using the Self-ordered Pointing Test (SOPT). Questionnaires were used to assess perceived parent-child engagement in decision-making, academic performance and drinking behavior. At one-year follow-up, the same neuropsychological tasks and questionnaires were repeated.Results indicate that working memory and academic performance were uninfluenced by parent-child engagement in decision-making. However, compared to adolescents whose parents made solitary decisions for them, adolescents engaged in everyday decision-making showed significant improvement on affective decision capacity and significantly less binge-drinking one year later.These findings suggest that parental engagement of children in everyday decision-making might foster the development of neurocognitive functioning relative to affective decision-making and reduce adolescent substance use behaviors.     

物质成瘾:行为与疾病的关系

吸毒,这一不断蔓延的不良行为,已成为世界范围的公共卫生及社会问题.但人们对于吸毒成瘾者仍然持有观念上和道德上的偏见.从行为和疾病的关系出发,论述了物质成瘾的疾病本质.     

我国中西医结合科研工作的回顾与思考

针对我国中西医结合事业现状,通过调研,结合文献,提出中西医结合科研工作的发展对策.试从研究方向、人才队伍、科研交流等方面进行阐述,以期有助于我国中西医结合科研工作的健康发展.     

《德意志意识形态》的文献学问题讨论

主要由马克思和恩格斯撰写的《德意志意识形态》手稿的主要部分形成于1845年至1846年之间,1846年其主要部分曾送交出版社,但因故没有出版。全文第一篇在马克思和恩格斯生前没有完成,加上手稿的部分佚失和损坏,马克思和恩格斯去世以后,各种版本各持己见对此进行了不同的编辑。我们在此发表两篇《德意志意识形态》文献学讨论的文章,以纪念其主要手稿形成160周年。     

汉语形声字声旁家族大小对整字发音的影响

拼音文字阅读中的“家族效应”是语音通达研究的一个重要角度,然而,汉字语音通达的家族效应研究却未见报道。本文运用快速命名的实验范式,对汉字形声字声旁家族大小对整字语音通达的影响进行了研究。结果发现汉字阅读中也存在家族效应,但是与拼音文字正好相反,声旁家族越大,反应时越长,在不规则汉字阅读中表现更为明显,显示了汉语语音通达有别于拼音文字的特殊性。另外,作者在研究基础上提出了一个汉字形声字阅读的模型,以期更深入地揭示汉字形声字阅读的认知机制