Biological motion cues trigger reflexive attentional orienting

The human visual system is extremely sensitive to biological signals around us. In the current study, we demonstrate that biological motion walking direction can induce robust reflexive attentional orienting. Following a brief presentation of a central point-light walker walking towards either the left or right direction, observers' performance was significantly better on a target in the walking direction compared with that in the opposite direction even when participants were explicitly told that walking direction was not predictive of target location. Interestingly, the effect disappeared when the walker was shown upside-down. Moreover, the reflexive attentional orienting could be extended to motions of other biological entities but not inanimate objects, and was not due to the viewpoint effect of the point-light figure. Our findings provide strong evidence that biological motion cues can trigger reflexive attentional orienting, and highlight the intrinsic sensitivity of the human visual attention system to biological signals.     

Disentangling the Effects of Applicant Defensive Impression Management Tactics in Job Interviews

This study explores (1) the effects that three kinds of applicant defensive impression management (IM) tactics (apologies, justifications, and excuses) have on interviewer evaluation and (2) the moderating effects that two types of interviewer negative concerns (competence‐related and integrity‐related concerns) have on the aforementioned relationship. Two hundred and one managers from Taiwan participated in this study by watching a simulated interview. Compared with the control group, applicants using defensive IM tactics received higher interviewer ratings when negative concerns surfaced. Moreover, the type of interviewer negative concern moderated the effects of defensive IM tactics. All three tactics had similar effects on interviewer evaluation when the concern was competence related. Apology was, however, the most effective tactic when the concern was integrity related.     

Repetition与激进解释学的理论取向

On the basis of current western philosophical readings,this article recommends two relevant subjects:one is the concept of radical hermeneutics,which represents a new descent of Hermeneutics; another is that of repetition,which is thought a basic concept of radical hermeneutics. Following the distinction between Platonic repetition and Nietzschean mode of repetition ,the article develops a theoretical clue from Kierkegaard and Heidegger to Deleuze and Derrida.     

初中生感恩与学业成就的关系:学习投入的中介作用

采用青少年感恩量表、学习投入量表和学业成就量表对669名初一、初二年级的中学生进行调查,考察中国文化背景下初中生感恩与学业成就的关系,探讨学习投入的情感、认知和行为三大成分在其中的系列中介效应,以及学业成就性别差异的可能来源。结果表明:(1)初中生的感恩与学业成就正相关;(2)学习投入三大成分在感恩与学业成就之间具有系列中介效应;(3)女生比男生具有更高的感恩和行为投入水平,有助于解释初中生学业成就性别差异的来源。     

北京大学医学部本科生学术道德的现状和分析

采用文献法、调查法,对北京大学医学部本科生学术道德的现状进行系统研究,了解北京大学医学部本科生学术道德的行为、态度以及对学术道德管理的认识,提出完善制度规范、营造维护学术道德的良好氛围、建立学生、教师、管理者共同参与的体系等对策.     

风险社会理论视野下流感的社会工作介入研究

流感的蔓延给社会带来极大危机与风险.在风险社会中风险分布的概率是不同的,其中部分阶层与群体由于风险意识薄弱、知识相对匮乏、资源获得能力的弱势,所面对的风险更大,社会工作对此必须做出积极的干预.在医疗社会工作中,社工可以通过资源的链接、医学知识的培训、心理的辅导、防控网络的构建等干预方式来增加弱势群体抵御风险的能力.     

哮喘控制与医疗改革

达到并维持哮喘控制和减少未来风险是哮喘的管理目标,绝大多数患者通过药物治疗可以实现这一目标。但目前哮喘控制率很低,除与GINA和我国哮喘诊治规范实施不足有关外,还与传统医疗结构、医疗体制和医疗观念有关,加速医疗改革,人人享有基本医疗卫生服务是提高哮喘控制率的重要环节。     

底线伦理的概念、含义与方法

底线伦理首先是一种与目的论或后果论形成对照的义务论,虽然这里是指一种比较温和的义务论。它主张行为或行为准则的正当性并不依赖于行为的目的或结果的好,而是主要依据行为或行为准则的发展,这并不意味着道德评价和选择不要考虑行为的后果,而是说正当与否之最终根据不在行为后果而在行为或行为准则本身。     

自由是权利还是道德——严复、梁启超自由思想比较

作为中国近代著名的启蒙思想家,严复、梁启超对自由倍加关注.然而,两人的自由思想具有明显差异,严复将自由理解为权利,侧重民主启蒙和制度启蒙;梁启超则将自由理解为道德,侧重思想启蒙尤其是道德启蒙.这使他们对自由的具体操作和改造中国的纲领体现为三民与新民之别.     

环境伦理视阈中的分配正义原则

分配正义不仅存在于收入分配领域,还存在于自然资源在同代人或不同代人之间的分配过程之中。分配正义是人与自然、人与人之间和谐协调与可持续发展的伦理基础。与一般意义的分配正义主要是指对一定社会结构、社会关系和社会现象的一种伦理认定和道德评价相区别,环境伦理视阈中的分配正义主要体现自然资源在国家之间的公平分配、国内的公平分配、代际之间的公平分配、人类的需要与环境本身之间公平分配等层面,概括地讲,也就是代内正义、代际正义和种际正义。