Short-range ordering of heavy-element columns in nickel-based superalloys

In order to obtain comprehensive performance, heavy elements were added into superalloys for solid-solution hardening. It is found that, rather than adopting random distributions, the heavy atoms prefer to form short-range ordered columns with heavy-element stripes 1–2 nm in length. This is supported by our ab initio calculations. Owing to the strong bonding strength between the refractory elements and nickel atoms, this short-range ordering may be beneficial to the mechanical performances of superalloys.     

Repetition与激进解释学的理论取向

On the basis of current western philosophical readings,this article recommends two relevant subjects:one is the concept of radical hermeneutics,which represents a new descent of Hermeneutics; another is that of repetition,which is thought a basic concept of radical hermeneutics. Following the distinction between Platonic repetition and Nietzschean mode of repetition ,the article develops a theoretical clue from Kierkegaard and Heidegger to Deleuze and Derrida.     

Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Youth: Feasibility and Initial Outcomes

We developed and evaluated a brief (8-session) version of cognitive-behavioral therapy (BCBT) for anxiety disorders in youth ages 6 to 13. This report describes the design and development of the BCBT program and intervention materials (therapist treatment manual and child treatment workbook) and an initial evaluation of child treatment outcomes. Twenty-six children who met diagnostic criteria for a principal anxiety diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and/or social phobia were enrolled. Results suggest that BCBT is a feasible, acceptable, and beneficial treatment for anxious youth. Future research is needed to examine the relative efficacy of BCBT and CBT for child anxiety in a randomized controlled trial.     

哮喘控制与医疗改革

达到并维持哮喘控制和减少未来风险是哮喘的管理目标,绝大多数患者通过药物治疗可以实现这一目标。但目前哮喘控制率很低,除与GINA和我国哮喘诊治规范实施不足有关外,还与传统医疗结构、医疗体制和医疗观念有关,加速医疗改革,人人享有基本医疗卫生服务是提高哮喘控制率的重要环节。     

海德格尔1923年夏季学期讲座的要义及其他

海德格尔1923年夏季学期的讲座是其弗莱堡早期思想的总结性文献,它最终确立了以"实际性的解释学"为核心的海德格尔思想的开端。本文着重分析了这个讲座的基本概念、观点的内涵和联系,揭示了它们深刻的理论价值以及对后来伽达默尔哲学解释学的影响,着重突出了这个讲座的两个方面的意义:对海德格尔自己思想起点的意义以及在现代解释学转向上的意义。     

美国行政伦理研究视点的变迁——以《公共行政评论》为例

<公共行政评论>作为美国公共行政学会会刊,反映出了行政伦理研究视点在20世纪的变迁.40-60年代,行政伦理研究从改变公共行政学的价值中立预设开始,以行政责任为关注点,从行政伦理的外部控制与内部控制研究,发展到关注行政组织、行政制度的伦理内容研究.70年代,以"社会公平与公共行政"为研究焦点形成新公共行政学派.80年代,关注对"行政伦理"立法的反思,建构"公民主义"的研究进路.90年代,研究方法与研究立场逐渐多元化,研究视阈拓展.21世纪初,批判进路的行政伦理研究继续深化发展,学者也关注行政伦理学发展过程中显现出来的一些具体问题.     

Executive working memory load does not compromise perceptual processing during visual search: Evidence from additive factors analysis

Executive working memory (WM) load reduces the efficiency of visual search, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully known. In the present study, we assessed the effect of executive load on perceptual processing during search. Participants performed a serial oculomotor search task, looking for a circle target among gapped-circle distractors. The participants performed the task under high and low executive WM load, and the visual quality (Experiment 1) or discriminability of targets and distractors (Experiment 2) was manipulated across trials. By the logic of the additive factors method (Sternberg, 1969, 1998), if WM load compromises the quality of perceptual processing during visual search, manipulations of WM load and perceptual processing difficulty should produce nonadditive effects. Contrary to this prediction, the effects of WM load and perceptual difficulty were additive. The results imply that executive WM load does not degrade perceptual analysis during visual search.     

北京大学医学部本科生学术道德的现状和分析

采用文献法、调查法,对北京大学医学部本科生学术道德的现状进行系统研究,了解北京大学医学部本科生学术道德的行为、态度以及对学术道德管理的认识,提出完善制度规范、营造维护学术道德的良好氛围、建立学生、教师、管理者共同参与的体系等对策.     

视觉工作记忆对注意选择的自动导向作用

对Downing(2000)的实验范式加以改进使得实验设计完全符合检验记忆驱动注意捕获所需要满足的标准,实验一采用要求被试在工作记忆保持阶段完成探测区分任务的双任务范式,结果发现被试对呈现在匹配物体空间位置上的探测项反应时显著快于对呈现在非匹配物体空间位置上的探测项反应时,而在实验二中当对被试没有记忆要求时却没有发现这种空间位置一致的优势效应,说明视觉工作记忆内容对选择性注意产生了自动导向作用。