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81.
This paper studies changes of standard errors (SE) of the normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for
confirmatory factor models as model parameters vary. Using logical analysis, simplified formulas and numerical verification,
monotonic relationships between SEs and factor loadings as well as unique variances are found. Conditions under which monotonic
relationships do not exist are also identified. Such functional relationships allow researchers to better understand the problem
when significant factor loading estimates are expected but not obtained, and vice versa. What will affect the likelihood for
Heywood cases (negative unique variance estimates) is also explicit through these relationships. Empirical findings in the
literature are discussed using the obtained results. 相似文献
82.
Hao Chen Wei Xu Mohamed Goune Sybrand van der Zwaag 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(10):547-555
The length of the stagnant stage during the new ferrite growth starting from a mixture of austenite and ferrite has been investigated for a Fe-0.17Mn-0.023C (wt%) alloy. It was found that the stagnant stage depends on the thermal path followed to create the mixture, and deduce that the tie-lines for austenite to ferrite transformation are quite different from those for ferrite to austenite transformation. The length of the stagnant stage is determined by the very local partitioning effect at the interface, and it can be used as a tool to monitor the Mn partitioning. 相似文献
83.
Yan Chong Zhengdong Liu Andy Godfrey Wei Liu Yuqing Weng 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(12):688-696
Cellular precipitation (also known as discontinuous precipitation) has been observed at the grain boundaries of a newly developed nickel-based Inconel740H alloy designed for use at 700?°C in advanced ultrasupercritical coal-fired power plants. By means of element mapping and selected area diffraction, the cellular precipitates were identified as Cr-rich M23C6 carbides. The onset of cellular precipitation was found to follow a pucker mechanism in Inconel740H. The cellular precipitates at the grain boundaries, even at low volume fractions, were severely detrimental to the creep strength at 750?°C. The creep rupture life of Inconel740H containing cellular precipitates at grain boundaries was only one-tenth of that for the alloy without cellular precipitates. The reason for the drastically decreased creep rupture life is attributed to the poor resistance of cellular precipitates to crack propagation during creep. 相似文献
84.
现代肿瘤的诊疗水平已经有了长足的进步,先进的诊断技术使得很多肿瘤得以早期发现并积极治疗,很多晚期患者也不再面临无药可用的境地,但由于临床医生的认识存在偏差,存在过度诊断和过度治疗的问题,进而给患者带来不必要的负担和痛苦。美国临床肿瘤学会(ASC0)年会上发布了一篇名为“ASCO为改善肿瘤治疗质量及医疗花费的5项建议”的文章,特别提出要重视五项临床广泛应用、花费较大,但缺乏高级临床证据的肿瘤治疗或干预措施,也提示我们需要充分评估,综合思考,为合适的患者提供正确的诊治方案,才能给患者带来更大的获益。 相似文献
85.
Sketching is widely used in design to generate creative ideas. Design studies present stimuli during sketching to enhance creativity. This study examines the effect of stimuli presented during different sketching states, especially of those presented during the stuck period. It conducted a sketching experiment that enrolled 41 students with an average of 5.7 years’ practice in industrial design. The sketching with stimuli presented at regular intervals, those with stimuli presented during the stuck period, and those without stimulus were compared. Eye movements during the sketching processes were recorded. The attention to stimuli, and the direct applications of stimuli to design ideas, and the idea connection and idea differentiation were analyzed. Participants sketching with stimuli presented during the stuck period had a higher sketching quality, compared with those in other experimental conditions. They fixated longer on stimuli, built more links among related ideas, and had a more differentiated and balanced exploration. This study then proposed the mechanisms of stimuli processing. The stimuli presented at regular intervals were stored and acted as additional memory. The stimuli presented during the stuck period were dissected and acted as supporter, inducing a more creative sketching. 相似文献
86.
Yanjun Guan Hong Deng Michael Harris Bond Sylvia Xiaohua Chen Charles Ching-hai Chan 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(3):250-260
The current research examined the moderating role of employees' need for cognitive closure in the relationship between their perceived person–job fit and their work-related attitudes. In Study 1, a survey was conducted among 176 Chinese employees from various organizations, and the results confirmed that both demand–ability fit and need–supply fit were positively related to employees' job satisfaction; moreover, these relations were stronger among people with higher need for closure than those scoring lower in need for closure. In Study 2, a survey was conducted among 242 employees from a Chinese city government, and the results replicated the findings of Study 1, but also found that need for closure moderated the relation between demand–ability fit and turnover intention. These results have important implications for research in organizational psychology and human resource management. 相似文献
87.
Wei‐Bin Zhang 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(4):209-223
The purpose of this study is to discuss the dynamic interdependence of knowledge and economic growth. We show that the traditional economics, which treats knowledge as parameters and is mainly developed within linearized, stable and static frameworks can hardly explain the modern economic complexity. We argue that it is necessary to treat creativity, learning and knowledge utilization as endogenous dynamic processes of social and economic evolution. To handle with the complicated dynamic interdependence of wealth and knowledge accumulation, we need to apply genuine nonlinear dynamic theory. In particular, we discuss possible benefits of government's intervention in education and science to the society when the social and economic evolution is characterized of nonlinearity, instability and multi‐equilibria. 相似文献
88.
Fei Gu Kristopher J. Preacher Wei Wu Yiu-Fai Yung 《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(2):119-129
Although the state space approach for estimating multilevel regression models has been well established for decades in the time series literature, it does not receive much attention from educational and psychological researchers. In this article, we (a) introduce the state space approach for estimating multilevel regression models and (b) extend the state space approach for estimating multilevel factor models. A brief outline of the state space formulation is provided and then state space forms for univariate and multivariate multilevel regression models, and a multilevel confirmatory factor model, are illustrated. The utility of the state space approach is demonstrated with either a simulated or real example for each multilevel model. It is concluded that the results from the state space approach are essentially identical to those from specialized multilevel regression modeling and structural equation modeling software. More importantly, the state space approach offers researchers a computationally more efficient alternative to fit multilevel regression models with a large number of Level 1 units within each Level 2 unit or a large number of observations on each subject in a longitudinal study. 相似文献
89.
Natalja Deng 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2013,51(3):367-382
Usually, the B‐theory of time is taken to involve the claim that time does not, in reality, pass; after all, on the B‐theory, nothing really becomes present and then more and more past, times do not come into existence successively, and which facts obtain does not change. For this reason, many B‐theorists have recently tried to explain away one or more aspect(s) of experience that they and their opponents take to constitute an experience of time as passing. In this paper, I examine three prominent proposals of this kind and argue that, though intriguing, the proposals undermine, to some extent, the assumption that there is an element of experience that B‐theorists need to take to be illusory. 相似文献
90.
HaiYing Wu YaHong Chen XinFang Su ChengRong Deng Zi-Jiang Liu 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(4):198-204
A phase transition of MgS under high pressure is investigated using a first-principles method. It is found from energy-volume calculations that the rock-salt (B1) phase of MgS transforms into a FeSi-type (B28) phase at 143?GPa. The calculated ground-state parameters in the B1 phase are in excellent agreement with available experimental and theoretical data. Ab initio phonon calculations are also performed to investigate the structural behaviour of MgS under high pressure. An unstable transverse acoustic mode and a phase transition from B1 to B28 phase at ~143.7?GPa driven by this soft mode are predicted. The B28 structure of MgS is stable up to 350?GPa according to lattice dynamics calculations. 相似文献