Using SAS PROC TCALIS for multigroup structural equation modelling with mean structures

Multigroup structural equation modelling (SEM) is a technique frequently used to evaluate measurement invariance in social and behavioural science research. Before version 9.2, SAS was incapable of handling multigroup SEM. However, this limitation is resolved in PROC TCALIS in SAS 9.2. For the purpose of illustration, this paper provides a step-by-step guide to programming the tests of measurement invariance and partial invariance using PROC TCALIS for multigroup SEM with mean structures. Fit indices and parameter estimates are validated, thus providing an alternative tool for researchers conducting both applied and simulated studies. Other new features (e.g., different types of modelling languages and estimation methods) and limitations (e.g., ordered-categorical SEM and multilevel SEM) of the TCALIS procedure are also briefly discussed.     

the transition experiences of successful chinese immigrants

This article focused on the transition experiences of 20 successful Chinese immigrants, in particular their transition stories and how they accounted for their success (what facilitated and hindered their transition). An enhanced critical incident method was used for data analysis. Four major success categories emerged: having a positive attitude and personality, skills and resource development, education and work experience, and community and family support. There was less emphasis on hindering categories, but some problems were identified. There was specific information on the effectiveness of the employment counseling process from those who had participated in an employment counseling program.     

Social status,cognitive ability,and educational attainment as predictors of liberal social attitudes and political trust

We examined the prospective associations between family socio-economic background, childhood intelligence (g) at age 11, educational and occupational attainment, and social attitudes at age 33 in a large (N = 8804), representative sample of the British population born in 1958. Structural equation Modeling identified a latent trait of ‘liberal social attitudes’ underlying attitude factors that are antiracist, socially liberal, and in support of gender equality. Another attitude factor—‘political trust’—was relatively independent from the latent attitude trait and has somewhat different pathways in relation to the other variables included in the analysis. There was a direct association between higher g at age 11 and more liberal social attitudes and political trust at age 33. For both men and women the association between g and liberal social attitudes was partly mediated via educational qualifications, and to a much lesser extent via adult occupational attainment. For women the association between g and political trust was partly mediated through both educational qualification and occupational attainment, and for men it was mediated mainly via occupational attainment. Men and women who had higher educational qualifications and higher occupational status tend to be more socially liberal and more trusting of the democratic political system. In terms of socio-economic background, people from less privileged families showed less political trust, but did not differ much in liberal social attitudes from those born into relatively more privileged circumstances. This study shows that social background, cognitive ability, education, and own social status influence perceptions of society.     

The perseverance of numerical distance effect in attentional blink

In a number comparison task, it is easier to respond faster when the two numbers are further apart than when they are close. This inverse relationship between the size difference and the time to judge such difference is called the numerical distance effect (NDE). In this study we investigated whether attention plays a critical role in the surfacing of NDE and the way we process Arabic numbers. In experiments 1 and 2, with an attentional blink paradigm that was designed to modulate attention, we tested whether a limited or unlimited pool of attentional resources would have an impact on the performance and trend of NDE. The results showed a dissociable effect of attention that changed the overall accuracy but not the trend of NDE. In experiment 3 we examined whether the number priming effect, another phenomenon associated with the distance-related effect, would be affected during the attentional blink period. We found the pattern of number priming effect was not affected by attentional blink. An explanation of the role of attention in number distance processing, as well as how it interacts with Arabic number representation, is discussed.     

低疟区疟疾导致胸外科术后高热的诊治体会

探讨疟疾导致术后高热的诊治方法,回顾性研究15例疟疾导致术后高热患者的诊治经过,其中1例确诊患者给予氯喹治疗后痊愈,14例疑似患者经氯喹试验性治疗后痊愈,9例患者随访1年均无复发。因此,对曾有输血史或疟疾史的术后高热患者,排除感染或变态反应后,可给予氯喹试验性治疗,无需等待确切的病原学结论。     

对骨折治疗"优化选择"与"合理选择"的理解和思考

从合理化角度回顾了当前几种重要的骨折治疗理论体系的发展与演变,认为骨折治疗的最优原则是一种理想状态,现实中没有绝对最优只有相对合理.只有建立以患者为中心的思维体系,加强医疗逻辑思维能力,用多维思考的方式寻找矛盾的合理平衡点,始终坚守医学伦理道德底线,才能真正做到为每一位骨折患者进行最合理的治疗.     

陈实功对传统医德思想的丰富和发展

陈实功时传统医德思想的丰富和发展主要体现在四个方面:一是深化了医家必须急病人所急、不计个人得失的思想见解;二是提出了医家必须严守病人隐私、做到自重自爱的明确要求;三是阐发了医家必须忠于职守、尊重同道的基本主张;四是强调了医家必须专心本务、踏实做人的重要原则.     

诺贝尔奖(1935)候选人伍连德及其学说

伍连德(1879年～1960年),剑桥大学第一位华人医学博士,1908年回国任天津陆军军医学堂帮办.1910年末东北爆发鼠疫,他出任"东三省防疫总医官".经过科学考察与实验对旱獭进行研究,他确定了鼠疫菌宿主动物和肺鼠疫传播方式,并创立"肺鼠疫"学说.1935年,伍连德被提名为诺贝尔生理学或医学奖候选人.     

质的研究:医学教育研究的另一种范式

通过将质的研究与定量研究、定性研究进行各维度对比,充分显示了质的研究范式的独特个性.并使用文献分析法,分析了我国医学教育领域中,医学教育研究方法应用的现状.进而探讨了质的研究范式在医学教育研究领域应用的意义及其优势,以及该研究范式在医学教育研究中如何引入的问题.